Specific Toxicity Treatments

Question 1

acetaminophen

Answer 1

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

Question 2

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates

Answer 2

atropine > pralidoxime

Question 3

antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

Answer 3

physostigmine (crosses BBB)

Question 4

arsenic

Answer 4

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 5

benzodiazepines

Answer 5

flumenazil

Question 6

carbon monoxide

Answer 6

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

Question 7

copper

Answer 7

penicillamine, trientine

“3 copper pennies”

Question 8

cyanide

Answer 8

hydroxocobalamin, nitrates + sodium thiosulfate

Question 9

dabigatran

Answer 9

idarucizumab

Question 10

digoxin

Answer 10

digoxin-specific antibody fragments

Question 11

direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban)

Answer 11

andexanet alfa

Question 12

heparin

Answer 12

protamine sulfate

Question 13

iron

Answer 13

deferoxamine, deferasirox, defriprone

Question 14

lead

Answer 14

calcium disodium EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

Question 15

mercury

Answer 15

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 16

methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Answer 16

fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

Question 17

methemoglobin

Answer 17

methylene blue, vitamin C (reducing agent)

Question 18

methotrexate

Answer 18

leucovorin

Question 19

opioids

Answer 19

naloxone

Question 20

salicylates

Answer 20

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

Question 21

TCAs

Answer 21

NaHCO3 (stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)

Question 22

warfarin

Answer 22

vitamin K (delayed effect), prothrombin complex concentrate/FFP (immediate effect)