Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
A
- Drugs used in biomedical therapy to reduce anxiety and the psychical symptoms of it
- Drugs from the benzodiazepine family are used (tranquilizers)
- Drugs work fast but only provide short-term relief
- Side effects include drowsiness, depression, nausea, confusion
- Potential for abuse, dependence and overdose and withdrawal symptoms
2
Q
Anti-Depressant Drugs
A
- Used in biomedical therapy to reduce and prevent depressive episodes
- SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclics and MAO inhibitors
3
Q
Anti-Psychotic Drugs
A
- Used in biomedical therapy to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, hallucinations, delusion and confusion
- These drugs decrease dopamine activity
- Side effects include drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease and tardive dyskinesia
4
Q
Aversion Therapy
A
- Behaviour therapy
- Pairs an unpleasant stimulus to the behaviour one is trying to fix
ie. Being given an emetic when one overeats - Using classical conditioning, the brain learns to associate the unpleasant stimulus with the action, thus reducing the desire to behave that way
5
Q
Behaviour Therapies
A
- Therapy focused on changing maladaptive behaviour in clients
- B.F Skinner, Hans Eysenck and Joseph Wolpe were the pioneers
- Aversion therapy, systematic desensitization therapy, social-skills training, cognitive-behavioural treatment
6
Q
Biomedical Therapies
A
- Therapy using medical practices to treat psychological disorders
- Drug therapy and electroconvulsion (shock) therapy
- Drug therapy is the most commonly used therapy for disorders, and is often used alone but proves most effective when combined with other types of therapy
7
Q
Client-Centered Therapy
A
- Created by Carl Rogers
- Insight therapy
- Client dictates speed, direction and outcome of therapy
- Therapist provides clarity and offers new ways to look at situations
8
Q
Clinical Psychologists
A
- Psychologists who diagnose and treat psychological disorders
- Focus on disorders such as anxiety, mood and schizophrenic disorders
9
Q
Cognitive-Behavioural Treatments
A
- Behavioural / insight therapy
- Combination of verbal therapy and behaviour modification to fix clients maladaptive behaviours
- Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy, Albert Ellis’s rational-emotive therapy, Donald Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training
10
Q
Cognitive Therapy
A
- Aaron Beck
- Goal is to change client’s thinking patterns in order to treat psychological disorders
- Treats depression as simply “errors in thinking” that can be corrected
- Clients are taught to detect negative thoughts and give them a reality check
- Use of modeling, systematic monitoring and behavioural rehearsal are beneficial for client’s to practice and relearn adaptive behaviours
11
Q
Counselling Psychologists
A
- Diagnose and treat everyday adaptive problems
- Focus on family / couples therapy, substance abuse therapy etc.
- Can be used for advice in hard relationships, times of uncertainty etc.
12
Q
Couples / Marital Therapy
A
- Therapy used to identify and attempt to fix problems seen in relationships
- Problems such as unending arguments, power imbalances, emotional withdrawal, sexual difficulties etc. bring couples to therapy
- Therapists help clients to clarify their needs to their partner, realize mutual contributions to problems and enhance communications between partners
13
Q
Deinstitutionalization
A
- Community Mental Health Movement
- Movement of patients from long-term care in mental hospitals to short-term care in a community mental health facility
- Shortens stays and attempts to reduce the dependency on hospital care, learned helplessness, hopelessness and other negative behaviours
- Pros:
- -patients report higher success rates and feel better with the treatment
- Cons:
- -patients are generally sent back into a community where they have no one to support them
- -conditions normally deteriorate, leading to readmission (rates are high)
14
Q
Dream Analysis
A
- Used in insight therapy
- Therapist attempts to gain insight as to the unconscious feelings, memories or thoughts that are influencing a patients behaviour by interpreting dreams
- Highly unreliable, as therapists can interpret what they want to see and can manipulate the clients beliefs
15
Q
Eclecticism
A
The use of two or more schools of thought in approach to therapy
16
Q
Electroconvulsion Therapy (ETC)
A
- Shock therapy
- Electric currents are sent to the brain to trigger small seizures
- Effective treatment for depression, but highly controversial and some critics say it is only temporary and therefore not worth it
- Patients complain is it dehumanizing, painful and terrifying
17
Q
Exposure Therapies
A
- Used for treatment of phobias, OCD, panic and PTSD
- Client’s are exposed to gradually more anxiety-inducing stimuli until little to no anxiety is felt
ie. A cartoon spider > image of a real spider > small spider in a cage across the room etc.
18
Q
Family Therapy
A
- Therapies used to fix problems within a family dynamic
- Clients are taught to clarify their needs and accept mutual responsibility in problems, while enhancing communication
- Generally sought when a child’s individual therapy is proving unsuccessful due to family environment, when families are experiencing extreme stress or when there is a major illness or transition
19
Q
Free Association
A
- Used in insight therapy
- Clients are encouraged to state their feelings and thoughts as they come up with no censorship
- Therapists attempt to interpret these thoughts and provide insight into the client’s issues
- Like dream therapy, this can be highly unreliable
