Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
trephining
a process from ancient Greece; was an early form of treatment to allow the harmful spirits to escape
Why did deinstitutionalization fail?
The goal was to save money by releasing patients from mental institutions, and place them on medications. However, it f ailed because many became homeless and delusional, unable to secure financial or psychological aid
primary prevention
efforts to attempt to reduce the incidence of social problems, such as joblessness or homelessness as these can contribute to mental health issues.
secondary prevention
involves working with people at-risk for developing specific problems after a serious event
tertiary prevention
efforts aim to keep people’s mental health issues from becoming more severe
somatic treatments
the usage of drugs
symptom substitution
after a person is successfully treated for one psychological disorder, a person begins to experience a new psychological problem
hypnosis
altered state of consciousness; people are less likely to repress troubling thoughts in this stage
free association
to say whatever comes to mind without thinking, without constantly censoring our thoughts
dream analysis
asking patients to describe their dream. The ego’s defenses are relaxed during sleep and can reveal the root of patient’s problems
resistance
people try to protect their thoughts through this
transference
patients begin to have strong feelings toward therapists; reveals patient’s problems
determinism
people have no influence over what happens to them and that their choices are predetermined by forces outside of their control
non-directive
therapists do not tell clients what to do, but they encourage clients to talk a lot about how they feel and the therapist mirrors back those feelings to help clarify even further
existential therapy
humanistic therapies that focus on helping clients achieve a meaning towards their lives
counterconditioning
kind of classical conditioning in which an unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one
systematic desensitization
first, the client is said to relax and remove feelings of anxiety. Then, the client is asked to form an anxiety hierarchy, a list of what the client fears from the least to the most.
in vivo desensitization
the client confronts the actual feared objects or situations
covert desensitization
the client imagines the fear-inducing stimuli
flooding
involves having the client address the most frightening scenario first
What is the rational emotive behavior therapy and who was it developed by?
It was developed by Albert Ellis. It exposes and confronts the dysfunctional thoughts of clients to show that one’s fears are not such a big deal.
family therapy
type of group therapy used in treating families to find helpful patterns of interaction
self-help groups
group therapy involving in meeting a number of people experiencing the same difficulties
What are antipsychotic drugs and what are some examples?
used to treat schizphrenia; examples include Thorazine or Haldol. They block the receptor sites of dopamine.
What is used to treat depression?
Prozac, which increases the activity of serotonin in brain
What is used to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium
electroconvulsive therapy
an electric current is passed through either one or both hemispheres of the brain, and causes patient to have a brief seizure. It may help one with severe depression, but is usually a last resort solution.
psychosurgery
the purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person’s behavior
prefrontal lobotomy
cutting the main neurons leading to the frontal lobe of the brain; reduces level of functioning and awareness
