Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

trephining

A

a process from ancient Greece; was an early form of treatment to allow the harmful spirits to escape

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2
Q

Why did deinstitutionalization fail?

A

The goal was to save money by releasing patients from mental institutions, and place them on medications. However, it f ailed because many became homeless and delusional, unable to secure financial or psychological aid

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3
Q

primary prevention

A

efforts to attempt to reduce the incidence of social problems, such as joblessness or homelessness as these can contribute to mental health issues.

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4
Q

secondary prevention

A

involves working with people at-risk for developing specific problems after a serious event

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5
Q

tertiary prevention

A

efforts aim to keep people’s mental health issues from becoming more severe

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6
Q

somatic treatments

A

the usage of drugs

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7
Q

symptom substitution

A

after a person is successfully treated for one psychological disorder, a person begins to experience a new psychological problem

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8
Q

hypnosis

A

altered state of consciousness; people are less likely to repress troubling thoughts in this stage

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9
Q

free association

A

to say whatever comes to mind without thinking, without constantly censoring our thoughts

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10
Q

dream analysis

A

asking patients to describe their dream. The ego’s defenses are relaxed during sleep and can reveal the root of patient’s problems

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11
Q

resistance

A

people try to protect their thoughts through this

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12
Q

transference

A

patients begin to have strong feelings toward therapists; reveals patient’s problems

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13
Q

determinism

A

people have no influence over what happens to them and that their choices are predetermined by forces outside of their control

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14
Q

non-directive

A

therapists do not tell clients what to do, but they encourage clients to talk a lot about how they feel and the therapist mirrors back those feelings to help clarify even further

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15
Q

existential therapy

A

humanistic therapies that focus on helping clients achieve a meaning towards their lives

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16
Q

counterconditioning

A

kind of classical conditioning in which an unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one

17
Q

systematic desensitization

A

first, the client is said to relax and remove feelings of anxiety. Then, the client is asked to form an anxiety hierarchy, a list of what the client fears from the least to the most.

18
Q

in vivo desensitization

A

the client confronts the actual feared objects or situations

19
Q

covert desensitization

A

the client imagines the fear-inducing stimuli

20
Q

flooding

A

involves having the client address the most frightening scenario first

21
Q

What is the rational emotive behavior therapy and who was it developed by?

A

It was developed by Albert Ellis. It exposes and confronts the dysfunctional thoughts of clients to show that one’s fears are not such a big deal.

22
Q

family therapy

A

type of group therapy used in treating families to find helpful patterns of interaction

23
Q

self-help groups

A

group therapy involving in meeting a number of people experiencing the same difficulties

24
Q

What are antipsychotic drugs and what are some examples?

A

used to treat schizphrenia; examples include Thorazine or Haldol. They block the receptor sites of dopamine.

25
Q

What is used to treat depression?

A

Prozac, which increases the activity of serotonin in brain

26
Q

What is used to treat bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

27
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

an electric current is passed through either one or both hemispheres of the brain, and causes patient to have a brief seizure. It may help one with severe depression, but is usually a last resort solution.

28
Q

psychosurgery

A

the purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person’s behavior

29
Q

prefrontal lobotomy

A

cutting the main neurons leading to the frontal lobe of the brain; reduces level of functioning and awareness