Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

trephining

Answer 1

a process from ancient Greece; was an early form of treatment to allow the harmful spirits to escape

Question 2

Why did deinstitutionalization fail?

Answer 2

The goal was to save money by releasing patients from mental institutions, and place them on medications. However, it f ailed because many became homeless and delusional, unable to secure financial or psychological aid

Question 3

primary prevention

Answer 3

efforts to attempt to reduce the incidence of social problems, such as joblessness or homelessness as these can contribute to mental health issues.

Question 4

secondary prevention

Answer 4

involves working with people at-risk for developing specific problems after a serious event

Question 5

tertiary prevention

Answer 5

efforts aim to keep people’s mental health issues from becoming more severe

Question 6

somatic treatments

Answer 6

the usage of drugs

Question 7

symptom substitution

Answer 7

after a person is successfully treated for one psychological disorder, a person begins to experience a new psychological problem

Question 8

hypnosis

Answer 8

altered state of consciousness; people are less likely to repress troubling thoughts in this stage

Question 9

free association

Answer 9

to say whatever comes to mind without thinking, without constantly censoring our thoughts

Question 10

dream analysis

Answer 10

asking patients to describe their dream. The ego’s defenses are relaxed during sleep and can reveal the root of patient’s problems

Question 11

resistance

Answer 11

people try to protect their thoughts through this

Question 12

transference

Answer 12

patients begin to have strong feelings toward therapists; reveals patient’s problems

Question 13

determinism

Answer 13

people have no influence over what happens to them and that their choices are predetermined by forces outside of their control

Question 14

non-directive

Answer 14

therapists do not tell clients what to do, but they encourage clients to talk a lot about how they feel and the therapist mirrors back those feelings to help clarify even further

Question 15

existential therapy

Answer 15

humanistic therapies that focus on helping clients achieve a meaning towards their lives

Question 16

counterconditioning

Answer 16

kind of classical conditioning in which an unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one

Question 17

systematic desensitization

Answer 17

first, the client is said to relax and remove feelings of anxiety. Then, the client is asked to form an anxiety hierarchy, a list of what the client fears from the least to the most.

Question 18

in vivo desensitization

Answer 18

the client confronts the actual feared objects or situations

Question 19

covert desensitization

Answer 19

the client imagines the fear-inducing stimuli

Question 20

flooding

Answer 20

involves having the client address the most frightening scenario first

Question 21

What is the rational emotive behavior therapy and who was it developed by?

Answer 21

It was developed by Albert Ellis. It exposes and confronts the dysfunctional thoughts of clients to show that one’s fears are not such a big deal.

Question 22

family therapy

Answer 22

type of group therapy used in treating families to find helpful patterns of interaction

Question 23

self-help groups

Answer 23

group therapy involving in meeting a number of people experiencing the same difficulties

Question 24

What are antipsychotic drugs and what are some examples?

Answer 24

used to treat schizphrenia; examples include Thorazine or Haldol. They block the receptor sites of dopamine.

Question 25

What is used to treat depression?

Answer 25

Prozac, which increases the activity of serotonin in brain

Question 26

What is used to treat bipolar disorder?

Answer 26

Lithium

Question 27

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 27

an electric current is passed through either one or both hemispheres of the brain, and causes patient to have a brief seizure. It may help one with severe depression, but is usually a last resort solution.

Question 28

psychosurgery

Answer 28

the purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person’s behavior

Question 29

prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 29

cutting the main neurons leading to the frontal lobe of the brain; reduces level of functioning and awareness