Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

standardized

Answer 1

test items have been piloted on a similar population of people as those who are meant to take the test and establish achievement norms

Question 2

split-half reliability

Answer 2

randomly dividing test into two different sections and correlating performances on two halves

Question 3

equivalent-form reliability

Answer 3

correlation between performance on different forms of the test

Question 4

test-retest reliability

Answer 4

correlation between a person’s score on one administration of the test with the same person’s score on a subsequent administration of test

Question 5

face validity

Answer 5

refers to the superficial measure of accuracy; is it suitable for the population you are measuring?

Question 6

content validity

Answer 6

refers to how well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be measuring

Question 7

concurrent validity

Answer 7

how much of a characteristic a person has now (or in the future)

Question 8

predictive validity

Answer 8

measure of future performance or potential

Question 9

construct validity

Answer 9

most meaningful form of validity, demonstrates association between test scores and prediction of theoretical trait

Question 10

speed test

Answer 10

how quickly a person can solve problems

Question 11

power test

Answer 11

gauging difficulty level of problems

Question 12

fluid intelligence

Answer 12

our ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new information and skills

Question 13

crystallized intelligence

Answer 13

using knowledge accumulated over time

Question 14

Who is Charles Spearman and what did he prove?

Answer 14

he used factor analysis to conclude that underlying all individual factors for intelligence is one factor, “g”.

Question 15

Who is Howard Gardner and what did he prove?

Answer 15

he subscribed to the idea of multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical and spatial. This also includes musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist intelligence

Question 16

intrapersonal intelligence

Answer 16

one’s ability to understand oneself

Question 17

interpersonal intelligence

Answer 17

one’s ability to get along and be sensitive with others

Question 18

Who is Daniel Goleman and what did he prove?

Answer 18

he proved emotional intelligence, aka EQ. This outlined the importance of intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence; the interaction with humans are just as important as IQ.

Question 19

Who is Robert Sternberg and what did he prove?

Answer 19

he proved his triarchic theory, which holds three intelligences: analytic, creative, and practical intelligence.

Question 20

analytic intelligence

Answer 20

involves skills traditionally thought of as reflecting intelligence; such as explaining, analyzing, comparing and contrasting

Question 21

Who is Alfred Binet and what did he prove?

Answer 21

he came up with the concept of mental age and created the first intelligence test

Question 22

Who is Louis Terman and what did he prove?

Answer 22

created an IQ test called the Stanford-Binet IQ test; by dividing person’s mental age by their chronological age and multiplying by 100.

Question 23

Who is David Wechsler and what did he prove?

Answer 23

he created the modern IQ test; three for different ages. The WAIS is the adult test, WISC is the children test, and the WPPSI is the preschool and primary age test. The scores are based on deviation IQ; how far away are they from the mean.

Question 24

heritability

Answer 24

measure of how much a trait’s variation is explained by genetic factors. It ranges from 0-1, 0 indicates that environment is totally responsible for differences in trait and 1 means that trait is totally genetic.