Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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0
Q

primary drives

A

biological needs, such as hunger or thirst

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1
Q

drive reduction theory

A

behavior is motivated by biological or survival needs. Our body seeks homeostasis, and if not fulfilled it creates primary and secondary drives.

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2
Q

secondary drives

A

learned drives that can get us to satisfy our primary drives. For example, we learn that resources like money can get us food and water.

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3
Q

arousal theory

A

we seek an optimal level of excitement or arousal. However, everyone has different levels of arousal. For example, someone with a high optimum level are drawn to high-excitement behaviors

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4
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

the relationship between preforming well on an easy task with a very high level of arousal

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5
Q

opponent-process theory of motivation

A

explains addictive behaviors because we may preform an act that moves us from the baseline, which is a state that normal people are usually at. At first, these acts will be pleasurable, but them we feel an opponent process, which is a motivation to return to our baseline.

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6
Q

incentive theory

A

examines how we learn to associate learned stimuli with rewards and punishment. We are motivated to seek the rewards.

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7
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

(from ascending order)

  1. Physiological Needs
  2. Safety Needs
  3. Belongingness and Love Needs
  4. Esteem Needs
  5. Self Actualization
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8
Q

self-actualization

A

need to fulfill our unique potential as a person

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9
Q

What part of the brain is associated with the feeling of hunger?

A

the lateral hypothalamus, which is the hunger center when stimulated causes one to eat.

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10
Q

What part of the brain tells us to stop eating?

A

the ventromedial hypothalamus

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11
Q

set-point theory

A

describes how the hypothalamus might decide what impulse to send. The hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight, and if is below it will tell us to eat and vice versa.

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12
Q

external food cues

A

attractiveness or availability of food

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13
Q

internal food cues

A

response to hunger inside your body

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14
Q

bulimia

A

binging on food and purging it by vomiting, excess exercise, or use of laxatives

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15
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

starve themselves to below 85% of their normal bod weight and refuse to eat

16
Q

obesity

A

people who are severely overweight, and excess weight threatens health. They usually have unhealthy heating habits.

17
Q

What is the sexual response cycle and what are the stages?

A

It described the primary task of organisms (reproductions) and the motivation behind it.

  1. initial excitement
  2. plateau phase
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution phase
18
Q

initial excitement

A

genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increase.

19
Q

plateau phase

A

respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids.

20
Q

orgasm

A

pleasurable euphoria where respiration and heart rate increase and men ejaculate

21
Q

resolution phase

A

respiration and heart rage return to normal

22
Q

achievement motivation theory

A

examines our desires to master complex tasks and knowledge to reach personal goals. Humans seem to be motivated to figure out the world and some constantly challenge themselves.

23
Q

extrinsic motivators

A

rewards we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves. This can include grades, salary, etc

24
Q

intrinsic motivators

A

rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction

25
Q

Theory X

A

managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment

26
Q

Theory Y

A

managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive

27
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

choosing between two desirable outcomes

28
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

choosing between two unattractive outcomes

29
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

when one event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features

30
Q

multiple approach-avoidance conflicts

A

choosing between two or more things that have both desirable and undesirable outcomes

31
Q

James-Lange theory

A

theorized we feel emotion because of biological change caused by stress

32
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

biological change and cognitive awareness of emotional state occur simultaneously

33
Q

Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory

A

explains emotional experiences in a more complete way. Both of our physical responses and cognitive labels combine to cause any particular emotional response.

34
Q

How do you measure stress?

A

the SRSS scale measures stress using LCUs (life-change units). A person taking this test would report changed in their life, such as selling their house or changing jobs. Each change would be counted as more LCU’s and would either be considered negative or positive. A person who scored a high SRRS would have more stress.

35
Q

What is the GAS and what are the stages?

A

the general adaptation syndrome made by Hans Seyle to a stressful event.

  1. alarm reaction
  2. resistance
  3. exhaustion
36
Q

alarm reaction

A

heart rate increases, blood is diverted away from other away from other body functions to muscles needed to react. This is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system

37
Q

resistance

A

the body remains physiologically ready. Hormones are released to maintain this state of readiness. If the resistance stage lasts too long, the body can deplete its’ resources

38
Q

exhaustion

A

parasympathetic nervous system helps us return to normal.