Social Psychology Flashcards
central route of persuasion
deeply processing the content of message by consumer or listener
peripheral route of persuasion
how effectively the communicator is able to convey the message to listeners
cognitive dissonance theory
idea that people are motivated to have consistent ideas and behaviors. If they do not, they experience unpleasant mental tension or dissonance and ultimately try to change it
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
if you can get people to agree to a small request, they will be more likely to agree to a larger follow-up request
door-in-the-face phenomenon
if people refuse a large request, they will be more likely to favor a more reasonable request
norms of reciprocity
people tend to think that when someone does something nice for them, that they ought to do it in return
attribution theory
tries to explain how people determine the cause of what they observe
dispositional attribution
personal factors
situation attribution
situational or outside factors
consistency
how similarly the individual acts in the same situation over time
distinctiveness
how similar the situation is to other situations the individual has been in
consensus
how well did others do in the same situation
self-fulfilling prophecy
explains how preconceived ideas can affect the way someone acts towards someone. One’s expectations can influence the way we behave
fundamental attribution error
people tend to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the role of situational factors
individualist culture
importance and uniqueness of individual is stressed
collectivist culture
person’s link to various groups such as family or company is stressed
false-consensus effect
tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them
self-serving bias
tendency to take credit for good outcomes than for bad ones
just-world bias
misfortunes befall people who deserve them, and can be seen in the tendency to blame victims
ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s culture is superior to others
in-group bias
preference for members in one’s own group (in group)
contact theory
contact between hostile groups will reduce animosity towards a superordinate goal (something that requires the effort of both groups)
Muzafer Sharif
studied the contact theory in a camp setting with two groups of boys who were hostile against each other when competing. Once they worked towards a superordinate goal, they learned to improve the relations
instrumental aggression
when the aggressive act is intended to pursue a specific purpose
hostile aggression
when the aggressive act has no clear purpose
frustration-aggression hypothesis
the feeling of frustration makes the aggression more likely
prosocial behavior
the tendency for people to help out one another
bystander effect/diffusion of responsibility
the larger the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely one is to intervene/feels responsible
pluralistic ignorance
people seem to decide what constitutes appropriate behavior in a situation by looking to others
proximity
nearness to one another; also ties in with mere-exposure affect
self-disclosure
sharing personal information with another strengthens intimacy
social facilitation
the presence of others improves task performance in a simple, well-practiced skill
social impairment
the presence of others hurts performance when it is a difficult task
conformity
tendency for people to go along with the views and actions of others
social loafing
phenomenon when individuals do not put in as much effort when acting as part of a group
