Treatment of Hypertension Flashcards
What is the advantage of using an ARB as opposed to an ACE inhibitor?
Cheaper
What is the disadvantage of using a thiazide like diuretic?
Lots of associated side effects
What do the treatment drugs focus on achieving, directly, leading to reduction in BP?
Total peripheral resistance
Give 3 examples of ACE inhibitors.
Ramipril
Lisinopril
Captopril
What is the primary example of an ARB?
Losartan
What type of drug is aliskiren?
A renin inhibitor
What type of drug is amlodipine?
Calcium channel blocker
Give two examples of thiazide like diuretics.
Indapamine
Bendroflumethiazide
What type of drug is ramipril?
An ACE inhibitor
Give an example of a renin inhibitor.
Aliskiren
Give two examples of calcium channel blockers.
Amlodipine
Lercanidipine
What type of drug is losartan?
An ARB
What type of drug is lisinopril?
An ACE inhibitor
What type of drug is indapamine?
Thiazide like diuretic
What is the role of aldosterone?
To allow Na+ and Ca2+ to be reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid from the collecting duct in the kidneys
What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
Acts as a competitive inhibitor and blocks reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+, thus acting as a diuretic, since water will follow solute
What is the mechanism of action of the thiazide like diuretics?
Block reabsorption of Na+ in the medulla, meaning no water will cross out of the tubules
Which class of drug gives the following side effects? Persistent dry cough Dizziness Headaches Tiredness
ACE inhibitors
Which class of drug gives the following side effects? Flushes Headaches Ankle oedema Dizziness
Calcium channel blockers
Which class of drug can raise potassium and blood sugar levels?
Thiazide like diuretics
Which class of drug gives the following side effects?
Back/leg pain
Headaches
Dizziness
ARBs
What three classes of anti-hypertensive drug come under the umbrella of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Renin inhibitors
Give 2 example of beta blockers.
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
What type of drug is doxazosin
Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker
What type of drug is spironolactone?
Potassium sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
What do ACE inhibitors inhibit/block?
Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
What do ARBs inhibit/block?
Block AT1 receptors and hence binding of Angiotensin II
By inhibiting the renin angiotensin system, what are these drugs preventing?
Vasoconstriction Vascular growth (inc. hypertrophy) Salt retention
Where in the nephron does spironolactone act?
Collecting duct
Where in the nephron do the thiazide like diuretics act?
Distal convoluted tubule
