A few flashcards from CVS Examination
What can splinter haemorrhage in fingernails be a sign of?
Endocarditis
What can koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) be a sign of?
Iron deficiency anaemia
What can oslers nodes or Janeway lesions be a sign of?
Infective endocarditis
What can xanthelasma or corneal arcus be a sign of?
Hypercholesterolaemia –> increased risk of CVD
What can nail clubbing be a sign of?
Hypoxia
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is tar staining of the fingertips indicative of?
Smoking
What is malar flush indicative of?
Mitral stenosis
Which pulse are palpated in the CVS examination?
Radial (both at same time)
Carotid (independently - otherwise could render patient unconscious)
What does a fast, regular pulse suggest?
Exercise Anxiety Pain Fever Medication Hyperthyroidism
What does a regularly irregular pulse suggest?
Ectopic beat (extrasystole)
What does an irregularly irregular pulse suggest?
AF
What does a slow, regular pulse suggest?
Athletic training
Hypothyroidism
Medication
What does a slow, irregular pulse suggest?
Sick sinus rhythm
Second degree heart block
Complete (third degree) heart block
What does a slow rising pulse suggest?
Aortic stenosis
What does a collapsing pulse suggest?
Aortic regurgitation (incompetence)
What does a low volume pulse suggest?
Hypovolaemia
Left ventricular failure
What does an increased volume pulse suggest?
Anaemia
Fever
Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)
What do pulsations in the right internal jugular vein show?
Pressure changes in the right atrium
What do heaves suggest?
Right ventricular enlargement (hypertrophy)
What is a thrill?
Palpable murmur
What are the 4 locations for auscultation of the heart valves?
Apex beat (5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line) (mitral)
5th left CC @ sternal border (tricuspid)
2nd left CC @ sternal border (pulmonary)
2nd right CC @ sternal border (aortic)
Murmurs are graded on a scale of 1/6 to 6/6. Which grades are paired with thrills?
4/6
5/6
6/6
