A few flashcards from CVS Examination

Question 1

What can splinter haemorrhage in fingernails be a sign of?

Answer 1

Endocarditis

Question 2

What can koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) be a sign of?

Answer 2

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 3

What can oslers nodes or Janeway lesions be a sign of?

Answer 3

Infective endocarditis

Question 4

What can xanthelasma or corneal arcus be a sign of?

Answer 4

Hypercholesterolaemia –> increased risk of CVD

Question 5

What can nail clubbing be a sign of?

Answer 5

Hypoxia

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 6

What is tar staining of the fingertips indicative of?

Answer 6

Smoking

Question 7

What is malar flush indicative of?

Answer 7

Mitral stenosis

Question 8

Which pulse are palpated in the CVS examination?

Answer 8

Radial (both at same time)

Carotid (independently - otherwise could render patient unconscious)

Question 9

What does a fast, regular pulse suggest?

Answer 9

Exercise
Anxiety
Pain
Fever
Medication
Hyperthyroidism

Question 10

What does a regularly irregular pulse suggest?

Answer 10

Ectopic beat (extrasystole)

Question 11

What does an irregularly irregular pulse suggest?

Answer 11

AF

Question 12

What does a slow, regular pulse suggest?

Answer 12

Athletic training
Hypothyroidism
Medication

Question 13

What does a slow, irregular pulse suggest?

Answer 13

Sick sinus rhythm
Second degree heart block
Complete (third degree) heart block

Question 14

What does a slow rising pulse suggest?

Answer 14

Aortic stenosis

Question 15

What does a collapsing pulse suggest?

Answer 15

Aortic regurgitation (incompetence)

Question 16

What does a low volume pulse suggest?

Answer 16

Hypovolaemia

Left ventricular failure

Question 17

What does an increased volume pulse suggest?

Answer 17

Anaemia
Fever
Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism)

Question 18

What do pulsations in the right internal jugular vein show?

Answer 18

Pressure changes in the right atrium

Question 19

What do heaves suggest?

Answer 19

Right ventricular enlargement (hypertrophy)

Question 20

What is a thrill?

Answer 20

Palpable murmur

Question 21

What are the 4 locations for auscultation of the heart valves?

Answer 21

Apex beat (5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line) (mitral)
5th left CC @ sternal border (tricuspid)
2nd left CC @ sternal border (pulmonary)
2nd right CC @ sternal border (aortic)

Question 22

Murmurs are graded on a scale of 1/6 to 6/6. Which grades are paired with thrills?

Answer 22

4/6
5/6
6/6