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MD3001 > Thorax 4 - The Heart, Coronary Circulation, Conducting System > Flashcards

Thorax 4 - The Heart, Coronary Circulation, Conducting System Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the left coronary artery?

A

Left Main Stem

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2
Q

What two arteries does the left main stem divide into?

A

Circumflex artery

Left anterior descending artery/anterior intraventricular artery

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3
Q

What is the marginal artery a branch of?

A

The right coronary artery

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4
Q

What are the SAN and AVN supplied by?

A

Right coronary artery

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5
Q

What is the name given to obstruction of the right coronary artery?

A

Inferior infarct

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6
Q

What is the name given to obstruction of the left anterior descending?

A

Anterior infarct

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7
Q

What is the name given to obstruction of the circumflex artery?

A

Lateral infarct

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8
Q

Why is an obstruction of the left anterior descending so dangerous?

A

Causes an anterior infarct which may cause catastrophic loss of left ventricular function and cardiac arrest

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9
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

Just superior to the aortic valve

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10
Q

What is the order from most common to least common, of infarcts due to obstruction of coronary arteries?

A

Anterior
Inferior
Lateral

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11
Q

What is the name given to the vein that lies parallel to the left anterior descending artery?

A

Great cardiac vein

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12
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain to?

A

Atria

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13
Q

What is the function of the Purkinje Fibres?

A

To spread the signal to the ventricles

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14
Q

What is the proximal part of the bundles of His supplied by?

A

Right coronary artery

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15
Q

Where is cardiac pain referred to?

A

Anterior chest wall and possibly medial aspect of left arm

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16
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into?

A

LAD (anterior interventricular)

Circumflex

17
Q

In which groove does the RCA run in?

A

AV groove / Coronary sulcus

18
Q

List the branches of the RCA.

A 
SA nodal branch (1st)
Right marginal (2nd)
Posterior interventricular (3rd)
19
Q

What does the RCA supply (inc. its branches)?

A
  • Walls of RA & RV
  • SA & AV nodes
  • Posterior part of interventricular septum (proximal portion of AV bundle of His - arrhythmia)
  • Small areas of the walls of LA & LV
20
Q

What is obstruction of the RCA known as?

A

Inferior infarct

21
Q

What is Bundle of His ischaemia likely to cause?

A

Arrhythmias

22
Q

Which groove does the LAD follow?

A

Anterior interventricular groove

23
Q

What does the LCA supply (inc. its branches)?

A
  • Walls of LA & LV
  • Most of the interventricular septum including part of the AV bundle of His
  • Left anterior descending LAD
24
Q

Which coronary artery is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

A

LAD

25
Q

What is obstruction of the LAD known as?

A

Anterior infarct

26
Q

What is obstruction of the circumflex known as?

A

Lateral infarct

27
Q

What can anterior infarct lead to?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

In right cardiac dominance, what extra branch does the RCA give?

A

Right circumflex

29
Q

What are the two most common vessels used in a coronary artery bypass graft?

A

Left internal thoracic / Left internal mammary artery (LIMA)

Great saphenous vein

30
Q

In a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, where is the catheter inserted?

A

Femoral artery

31
Q

Name the 3 cardiac veins and state which coronary artery they run alongside.

A

Small - with Marginal
Middle - with Posterior Interventricular
Great - with LAD

32
Q

Which of the cardiac veins becomes the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein

33
Q

How do anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimi drain to the RA?

A

Directly through cardiac muscle

34
Q

Between which two chambers does the coronary sinus lie?

A

LA & LV

35
Q

From where is sympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

Both left and right sympathetic trunks

36
Q

From where is parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

Left and right vagus nerves

37
Q

In relation to the arch of aorta, where does the cardiac plexus lie?

A

Inferior

38
Q

Which spinal nerves form the origin of the cardiac plexus?

A

T1 - T4

MD3001 (63 decks)

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