Thorax 1 Flashcards
Between which ribs does the breast lie?
2 - 6
What is the primary movement(s) initiated by pec major?
Shoulder flexion & adduction
What is the function of pec minor?
Stabilises the scapula
What is the primary movement(s) initiated by lat dorsi?
Shoulder extension & adduction
What is the primary movement(s) initiated by serratus anterior?
Scapular protraction and rotation in shoulder abduction
Name the 3 groups of lymph nodes involved in breast lymph drainage.
Anterior/Pectoral
Central
Apical
In relation to pec minor, where do the anterior nodes lie?
Medial
In relation to pec minor, where do the central nodes lie?
Deep
In relation to pec minor, where do the apical nodes lie?
Medial
List in order the severity groupings for the 3 groups of lymph nodes.
Anterior - G1
Central - G2
Apical - G3
What structures make up the thoracic inlet?
T1
1st Ribs & cc’s
Manubrium
Where does the subclavian vein lie in relation to the artery?
Anterior
From anterior to posterior, list the arteries, veins and nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet.
Subclavian vein
Subclavian artery
Inferior trunk of brachial plexus
What structures make up the thoracic outlet?
T12
11th & 12th ribs
cc’s of ribs 7, 8, 9 & 10
Xiphoid cartilage
What is the thoracic outlet closed by?
Diaphragm
At what vertebral level does the vena cava pierce the diaphragm?
T8
At what vertebral level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm?
T12
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
Name the two times of pleura.
Visceral
Parietal
Based on their positioning, the regional pleura can be named independently. What are the four regional names given to the pleura?
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Cervical
Where does the apex of the pleural region lie with respect to the clavicle and the 1st ribs?
Above the clavicle
Below the 1st ribs
List the (very important) four corners of the heart.
3rd Rt cc
6th Rt cc
Lt 5th interspace
2nd Lt cc
At which vertebral level does the superior mediastinum turn into the inferior mediastinum?
T4/5
In which region of mediastinum does the thymus lie?
Anterior Mediastinum
With regard to mediastinum positioning, where does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate?
Just inferior to the superior mediastinum
The inferior mediastinum can be divided into two further subdivisions. What are the names of these subdivisions?
Middle Mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
List the 4 main structures present in the posterior mediastinum.
Aorta
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein
When looking at a cross sectional (transverse) image, for example a CT or MRI scan, where are you looking from?
General rule: foot of the bed with patient lying on their back
Origin and insertion of Pec Major.
Clavicle, cc’s & sternum
Humerus (ant. intertubercular groove)
Origin and insertion of Pec Minor.
Ribs 3-5
Coracoid process
Origin and insertion of Lat Dorsi
Iliac crest, lower thoracic & lumbar spinous processes
Humerus (floor of intertubercular groove)
Origin and insertion of Serratus Anterior
Ribs 1-8
Medial border of scapula
Where is lymph drainage of the breast to?
Axillary & Internal thoracic lymph nodes
Where is blood supply of the breast from?
Axillary & Internal thoracic arteries
Contents of anterior mediastinum?
Thymus
Contents of superior mediastinum?
Oesophagus Trachea Aortic arch Phrenic nerves Vagus nerves SVC Azygos vein
Contents of inferior mediastinum?
Middle - contents of pericardium (inc. bifurcation of pulmonary trunk)
Posterior - aorta, oesophagus, thoracic duct, azygos veins
