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MD3001 > Thorax 3 - Internal Heart > Flashcards

Thorax 3 - Internal Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

A

Tri-cuspid

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2
Q

What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

A

Bi-cuspid/Mitral

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3
Q

Name the valve present at the opening of the aorta and state how many cusps there are.

A

Semi-lunar valve - aortic valve

3 cusps

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4
Q

Through which structure does deoxygenated blood pass through when passing from the heart muscle to the right atrium?

A

Coronary sinus

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5
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale in an embryo?

A

So that blood can pass straight from the right atrium to the left atrium

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6
Q

What does the foramen oval develop into upon birth?

A

Fossa Ovalis

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7
Q

During systole, what is the role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendiniae?

A

Prevent cusp eversion

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8
Q

How are the cusps opened?

A

Pressure exerted by the blood

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9
Q

Where are the origins of the right & left coronary arteries?

A

Right and left cusps (not posterior) of the aortic valve

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10
Q

What separates the atria and the ventricles

A

Fibrous muscle

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11
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The heart muscle

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12
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

The endothelium that lines the chambers and valves of the heart

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13
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The heart wall

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14
Q

Name the 3 vessels/structures that bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

A

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus

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15
Q

Name some features of the anterior right atrial wall.

A

Trabeculation
Auricle
Musculi pectinati
Crista terminalis

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16
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

The border which separates the ridged from the smooth section of the atria

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17
Q

What is the limbus fossa ovalis?

A

The rim around the fossa ovalis

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18
Q

What are the musculi pectinati?

A

Muscular ridges which arise from the crista terminalis

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19
Q

Between which two chambers does the foramen ovale (embryo) or fossa ovalis (post natal), lie?

A

Right atrium & Left atrium

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20
Q

What type of trabecula is present in the walls of the right ventricle?

A

Septomarginal trabecula

21
Q

How many papillary muscles are present in between right atrium and right ventricle?

A

3

22
Q

Describe active competence.

A

The papillary muscles and chordae tendineae prevent cusp eversion during systole

23
Q

What are the three tri-cuspid valve cusps called?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

24
Q

What is the relationship between papillary muscles, chordae tendineae and the cusps?

A

Each papillary muscle sends 2 chordae tendineae to each cusp

25
Q

What is the function of the musculi pectinati?

A

Provide some power of contraction in the atria

26
Q

What are the names given to the 3 papillary muscles and the 3 cusps at the tricuspid valve?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

27
Q

What is the septomarginal trabecular also known as?

A

The moderator band

28
Q

What is the role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae?

A

Prevent cusp eversion during systole

29
Q

What are the names given to the 3 cusps at the pulmonary semi-lunar valves?

A

Right
Left
Anterior (coronary)

30
Q

What are the names given to the 3 cusps at the aortic semi-lunar valves?

A

Right
Left
Posterior (non-coronary)

31
Q

What is passive competence?

A

No contraction of any papillary muscles, but due to elastic recoil in the pulmonary trunk and aorta. A pressure difference causes the blood to get between the cusp and wall, forcing the cusps closed (semi-lunar valves)

32
Q

Why does the wall of each ventricle becomes smooth near its outflow?

A

To create laminar blood flow into the pulmonary trunk and aorta

33
Q

Describe the relationship of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta with regard to location and connections.

A

Pulmonary lies inferior to the aortic arch and is liked to the aorta via the ligamentum arteriosum

34
Q

What are the names of the 4 pulmonary veins?

A

Superior
Inferior
Right
Left

35
Q

Where can the auricle be found on the left atrium?

A

Left cardiac surface

36
Q

Blood enters the LV via the…

A

Aortic vestibule

37
Q

What are the two cusps of the mitral valve?

A

Anterior

Posterior

38
Q

What is active competence?

A

Use of papillary muscles to prevent eversion (atrioventricular valves)

39
Q

Aortic sinuses give rise to the coronary arteries. Where can the aortic sinuses be found?

A

Just superior to the right and left cusps of the aortic semi-lunar valve

40
Q

What is the function of the cardiac (fibrous) skeleton?

A

This supports valves and myocardium and importantly, it electrically separates the atria from the ventricles.

41
Q

What is the only route of conduction between atria and ventricles?

A

Bundle of His

42
Q

What causes the 1st heart sound at the start of systole?

A

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

43
Q

What causes the 2nd heart sound at the end of systole?

A

Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

44
Q

Where can the mitral valve be ascultated?

A

Apex - 5th left intercostal space, mid clavicular line

45
Q

Where can the tricuspid valve be ascultated?

A

4th or 5th left intercostal space, just left of sternum

46
Q

Where can the aortic valve be ascultated?

A

2nd right intercostal space

47
Q

Where can the pulmonary valve be ascultated?

A

2nd left intercostal space

48
Q

List the corners of the heart.

A

5th left intercostal space, mid clavicular line
6th right CC
3rd right CC
2nd left CC

MD3001 (63 decks)

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