treatment and prevention part 2

Question 1

4 types of live attenuated virus vaccines

Answer 1

vax produced from: naturally occurring attenuated viruses, serial passage in cultured cells, serial passage in heterologous hosts, selection of cold adapted mutants and reassortants (select viruses that cant reproduce at higher temps)

Question 2

2 types of non replicating virus vaccines

Answer 2

vax produced from inactivated whole virions and purified native viral proteins

Question 3

2 other types of vaccines

Answer 3

vax produced by recombinant DNA and related technologies, DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)

Question 4

how does DIVA work?

Answer 4

subunit marker vaccine only have a portion of the pathogen in the vaccine, if AB not included in the vaccine are detected –> the animal has been infected, if AB ONLY to the vax subunit are detected, animal has not been infected
-accompanying diagnostic test that allows for differentiation

EX: pig 1 gets infected with virus that has AG 1,2,3 –> pig has AB to AG 1,2,3
but pig 2 gets vaccinated with subunit vax with AG 1 –> pig ONLY has AB to AG1, no reaction to AG 2 and 3

Question 5

isolation

Answer 5

applies to animals/persons who are KNOWN to be ill with a contagious disease - separate animal if show clinical signs and/or test positive by testing

Question 6

quarantine

Answer 6

applies to those who have been exposed to a contagious disease, not effective with diseases involving chronically infected healthy shedders - separate animal if exposed to contagious disease, EVEN IF the test DOES NOT show clinical signs and/or if the animal tests negative by diagnostic tests

Question 7

quarantine and culling

Answer 7

-to separate and restrict the movement of animals
-culling (killing) of animals
-proper disposition of culled animals via burning

Question 8

decontamination

Answer 8

process or treatment that renders a medical device, instrument, or envi. surface safe to handle

Question 9

sterilization

Answer 9

destroys or eliminates ALL forms of life/pathogens including spores

Question 10

disinfection

Answer 10

eliminated many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except spores on inanimate objects – LESS EFFECTIVE than sterilization, may not kill all

Question 11

antisepsis

Answer 11

application of liquid antimicrobial chemical to skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms

Question 12

sterilization methods (5) and examples

Answer 12

1. moist heat (autoclave)
2. dry heat (oven)
3. chemical methods (gases like ethylene oxide, ozone)
4. radiation (non ionizing: UV, ionizing: gamma rays and x rays)
5. sterile filtration (microfiltration using membrane filters)