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Virology > Family Herpesviridae > Flashcards

Family Herpesviridae Flashcards

1
Q

viruses: enveloped? shape?
-capsid surrounded by ?
-DNA type
-where does DNA rep occur in the host?
-viral envelope acquired by ?
-mature virions released via?

A

-enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic
-capsid is surrounded by layer of globular material, tegument
-double stranded DNA genome
-DNA rep and encapsulation occur in the nucleus
-viral envelope acquired by budding through nuclear envelope
-released via exocytosis or cytolysis

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2
Q

-survive outside the host?
-what envi promotes extended survival?
-what type of infected animal is the reservoir?

A

herpesvirus do not survive well outside the host
-moist, cool envi promotes survival
-LATENTLY infected animal is reservoir

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3
Q

are some oncogenic?
persistent infection with periodic or continuous shedding occurs in ??
reactivation of latent herpes virus associatedw ith ??

A

YES, some are oncogenic
-occurs in ALL herpes infections
-assoc. with stress caused by other infections, shipping, cold, crowding, or admin of drugs

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4
Q

typical inclusion bodies?
-form ??

A

eosinophilic intranuclear, type A cowdry bodies
form syncytium (fused cell)

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5
Q

3 subfamilies with Herpresviridae

A

Alphaherpesvirinae, Gammaherpesivrinae, Betaherpesvirinae

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6
Q

alphaherpesvirinae
-highly cytopathic in cell culture?
-short or long rep cycle?
-host specific? EX of one
-type of lesions?
-generalized infections have?
-pregnant animals what happens?

A

-highly cytopathic in cell culture
-short rep cycle
-most are restricted to one host, but pseudorabies has broad host range
-localized lesions on the skin or respiratory mucosa or genital tract
-generalized infection: foci of necrosis on any organ or tissue
-pregnant: virus crosses placenta, leads to abortion with multifocal areas of necrosis in fetal organs

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7
Q

alphaherpesvirinae
-2 cow viruses
-2 horse viruses
-1 pig
-1 dog
-1 cat
-2 chickens

A

bovine herpesvirus 1 (abortion, rhinotracheitis), bovine herpesvirus 2 (mammilitis, pseudolumpy skin dx)

equine herpesvirus 1 (abortion, resp. dx), equine herpesvirus 4 (rhinophenumonitis)

porcine herpesvirus 1 (pseudorabies)
feline herpesvirus 1 (rhinotracheiitis)
canine herpesvirus 1 (hemorrhagic in puppies)

gallid herpesvirus 1 (infectious laryngotracheitis) and gallid herpesV 2 (Markes disease)

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8
Q

bovine herpesvirus 1 - 5 diseases caused

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, ocular form of IBR, abortion, systemic dx in calves

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9
Q

bovine HV 1
-3 subtypes, which 2 do we know
-transmission

A

BHV 1.1 - respiratory subtype
BHV 1.2 - genital subtype

transmit: respiratory disease and conjunctivities result from DROPLET transmission, genital disease from coitus or AI with infective semen

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10
Q

bovine HV 1
pathogenesis

A

both genital and resp. DX: lesions are focal areas of epithelical cell necrosis with ballooning of epith. cells, inclusions may be present in nuclei of necrotic foci, intense inflammatoyr response, formation of overlying accumulation of fibrin and cellular debris

-life long latent infection with periodic virus shedding, seropostivie animals are potential carriers, virus can be reactivated from latency by stress or steroids

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11
Q

bovine HV 1
pathogenesis

A

both genital and resp. DX: lesions are focal areas of epithelical cell necrosis with ballooning of epith. cells, inclusions may be present in nuclei of necrotic foci, intense inflammatoyr response, formation of overlying accumulation of fibrin and cellular debris

-life long latent infection with periodic virus shedding, seropostivie animals are potential carriers, virus can be reactivated from latency by stress or steroids

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12
Q

BHV 1
-sites of latency

A

-TRIGEMINAL NERVE: respiratory disease
-SCIATIC NERVE: genital disease

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13
Q

BHV 1
-CS with resp. form, ocular form of IBR, abortion, systemic disease in calves, genital disease (infectious pustular vaginitis)

A

-respir. form: rhinitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, inflamed nares = red nose, nasal discharge, fibrinonecrotic rhinitis, can recover in 10-14 days, complications from secondary bacT infection, death is result of second. bronchopneumonia

-ocular: conjunctivitis, confined to conjunctiva, NO ulcers on cornea

-abortion: sequal to naturla infection, result of modified live vax being given, fetuses in second half of gestation have higher incidence of abortion, preceded by pustular vulvovaginitis

-systemic in calves: severe in cavles less than 10 days old, often fatal, infected in utero or right after birth

-genital disease: after coitus, frequent urination, tail end in elevated position and excessive tail swishing, vagina swollen and red, mild dishcarge, vulva swollen with red spots and pustules, balanoposthitis (inflamm. and pustules on mucosa of penis and prepuce)

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14
Q

BHV 1
control (vax)

A

modified live vax, subunit and inactivated are avail.
-parenteral and intranasal are avail, both stimulate prod. of humoral AB, parenteral may cause abortion in cows, USE INTRANASAL ON PREGNANT COW

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15
Q

BHV 2 - 2 diseases caused

A

bovine ulcerative mammillitis
pseudo lumpy skin disease

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16
Q

bovine ulcerative mammillitis
-host
-transmission

A

-cattle, heifers, within 2 weeks after calving
-direct contact and fomite mediated, through skin trauma, mechanical by arthorpods

17
Q

bovine ulcerative mamm.
CS

A

severe: swollen teat, painful, bluish skin, raw ulcers, high incidence of mastitis

18
Q

pseudo lumpy skin disease
-host
-transmission
-CS

A

cattle
mechanical transmission by arthropods
CS: fever, skin nodules on face, neck, back, perinueum

19
Q

porcine herpesvirus 1/suid herpesvirus 1 - 1 disease (3 diff names)

A

pseudorabies, mad itch, aujeszky disease

20
Q

pseudorabies – AKA (2 names)
hosts

A

porcine herpesvirus 1/suid herpesvirus 1
-swine, secondary host of horse, dog, cat, goat, humans are refractory to ifneciotn

21
Q

pseudorabies
-transmission routes in primary host vs. secondary host

A

-primary: recovered pigs are primary reservoir, latent carriers for life, rodents are reservoir and transmit DX from farm to farm, shed in saliva, nasal discharge and milk of infected pig, NOT shed in urine or feces, transmit by licking, biting, aerosol, ingestion of contaminated carcass, water and feed

Secondary host:
Dogs and cats: ingestion of infected carcass or rodents
cattle: direct contact with pigs, oral and nasal routes

22
Q

pseudorabies in pigs
-site of rep:
-spread of virus:

A

replicates in URT
-virus replicates in tonsils and nasopharynx, spreads via lymphatics to regional lymph nodes where rep. continues, viremia assoc with virus going to diff organs

-spreads to CNS; via axons of cranial nerves, spreads within CNS, prefernce for neurons of pons and medulla –> causes ganglioneuritis, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing

23
Q

pseudorabies in pigs
-CS

A

nonimmune piglets: 100% mortality rate
nonimmune pregnant sows: 50% abortion rate
older piglets, growers, adults: mild disease

CS: itching is very common in secondary host but rare in pigs
-piglets born to nonimmune sows are most suceptible, signs of CNS disease (incoordination, tremors, paddling)
-weaned and growing pigs: CNS signs are reduced and may be increase in resp. signs
-nonimmune pregnant sows: infection before 30th day of gestation results in death of embryo, late pregnancy infecgtion: mummification, stillborn, weak, may be infertile after infection

24
Q

pseudorabies in pigs
-necropsy findings

A

gross lesions are absent, serous to fibrinous rhinitis common around tonsilitis

25
Q

pseudorabies secondary hosts
CS

A

ruminant, dog, cat, horse
intense pruritus (itching)
-hyperacute, rapid progress, high mortality

26
Q

pseudorabies in:
cattle: CS
dogs: CS
cats:

A

cattle: intense itching, frenzied, involvement of CNS with ataxia and paralysos, death from resp. failure

dogs: frenzye, self mutiliation, itching, paralysis of jaws and drooling of saliva, howling, are NOT aggressive

cat: disease progresses so rapidly there is no itching

27
Q

pseudorabies in pigs
-VAX

A

Vax in enzootic areas reduces losses, vax doesnt prevent infection or estabilishment of latent infection but can help CS
-recombinant, deletion mutant and live attenuated and inactivated vax are avail.

28
Q

equine herpesvirus 1
-distribution
-transmission

A

endemic in horse pop around world
transmit: inhale aerosols, direct or indirect contact with nasal discharge, aborted fetus, placental fluids

29
Q

EHV 1
-latent virus resides where ?

A

resides in tissues of CNS (trigeminal ganglia) and lymph system (lymphocytes) without causing clincal disease
-host immunosupp. = virus reactivated and will shed virus

30
Q

EHV 1 - 3 outcomes

A

respiratory disease, uterus abortion (repro), CNS (encephalomyelitis)

31
Q

EHV 1 pathogeneis s

A

-main route is resp. tract
-after infection, infects endothelial cells in lamina propria, viremia, latent infections established, vascular necrosis, thrombus formation and death (ischemia)

=IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

32
Q

EHV 1
-resp. disease affects what age?
-CNS age?
-repro form

A

resp. affects younger horses
CNS affects any age or breed
repro form: majority of abortions occur in 8-10 month of gestation, if large numbers of suscpetible mares are exposed to aborted fetus = extensive outbreaks = ABORTION STORM - natural immunity for 2-3 years, which is why abortion storms cycle

33
Q

EHV 4 causes what disease

A

equine viral rhinopneumonitis
-AG related to EHV 1

34
Q

EHV 4 transmission

A

most are sporadic, horses under 2 yrs, lifelong latent infection whcih can be reactivated, tranmis via droplets with inapparent viral shedding occuring

35
Q

EHV 4 pathogenesis
CS

A

less severe tissue destruction than EHV 1, rarely causes abortion, rarely results in viremia, death is rare

CS: URT infection

36
Q

EHV 1 and 4 - VAX

A

ideal vax should rpevent early infection of suckling foals and latency of infection in pregnant mares
-live attenuated and inactivated commerical EHV 1 vax are avail. and comb EHV 1 and 4 vax. immunity is short lived

Virology (29 decks)

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