Treatment Flashcards
What are the 2 families of treatment?
- biomedical treatments
- psychotherapy
What is direct intervention?
address the cause in hopes of curing the disorder
What is symptom support?
reduce impairment of symptoms, but not the underlying cause
What is insight?
help patient learn about likely causes of disorder and decide how to deal with them
What are the problems with treatment?
- self report is unreliable
- worst symptoms often go on their own> natural improvement
- placebo effects
What are the 2 key measures of treatment effectiveness?
- efficacy: how well treatment works in ideal conditions
- effectiveness: how well treatment works in real life
Why is efficacy always higher than effectiveness?
- Treatment might be prohibitively expensive.
- Treatment might produce severe side-effects.
- treatment might be stigmatized.
What is treatment outcome research?
“gold standard” type of experiment that assesses the efficacy and/or effectiveness of an intervention
What is the inactive control group of the Treatment outcome research experiment?
- Measures efficacy/effectiveness in comparison to doing nothing.
- Measures degree of natural improvement.
- Gives measure of patient bias for assessing pre- vs. post-symptoms.
What is the active control group of the Treatment outcome research experiment?
- Measures efficacy/effectiveness in comparison to doing something.
- Measures placebo effects.
What is the biomedical approach?
- treatments aimed at directly altering the functioning of the brain through drugs, stimulation, surgery, etc.
- effectiveness: high; generally cheap and easy to administer with few side-effects
What are antipsychotic medications?
- drugs primarily used to treat psychotic conditions.
- 2 types:
Conventional/Typical: exclusively block dopamine receptors; help neg sympt
Atypical: block activity of both serotonin and dopamine; help pos sympt
What are anxiolytics?
- drugs used to treat anxiety
- 3 types
Benzodiazepines: drugs that increase GABA
Beta Blockers: drugs that block norepinephrine, controlling muscle tension, blood pressure
Buspirone: drug that increases serotonin levels
What are antidepresants?
- medication used to treat depression, anxiety, and several others
- 3 types
SSRIs: drugs that increase the amount of serotonin in the brain
Bupropion: increases norepinephrine and dopamine
SNRIs: increase both serotonin and norepinephrine
What are mood stabilisers?
- drugs used to treat bipolar disorder that attempt to decrease the severity of depressive and manic episodes.
- 2 types
Mineral Salts/Lithium: decrease epinephrine and increase serotonin
Anticonvulsant: increase GABA and norepinepherine
What are psychostimulants?
- drugs used to treat attentional disorders; selectively release norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, boosting attention, wakefulness, and persistence.
What is intervention focused therapy?
help clients change their thinking and behaving to help them cope with symptoms and/or directly address the cause of the disorder
What are the 3 types of insight therapy?
- psychodynamic
- humanistic
- existential
What are the 4 types of intervention therapy?
- behavioural
- cognitive
- Cbt
- third wave
What is psychodynamic therapy?
based on Freudian principles of identifying and resolving unconscious conflicts
What are the unique features of psychodynamic theory?
- interpretation: therapist must interpret cause of client’s problems
- transference: client projects unconscious desires on therapist, who analyses them
- removing interference: distraction free
- long time: 2 years average
What are psychodynamic therapy techniques?
- unstructured talk: no pre-determined topic
- free association: free generation of ideas
- dream analysis: keep dream journals
- resistance: defense mechanisms signs of success of therapy
What is person- centered therapy?
- humanistic therapy
- therapist acts as a mirror through which client reaches their own insight
- focus on empathy and radical acceptance
What are unique features of person centered therapy?
- insight comes from patient not therapist
- therapist provides compassionate, judgement free environment
- therapist is genuinely themselves, acts as model for client
- open com., empathy, acceptance
