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Psych 102 > Health > Flashcards

Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model?

A

The causes and effect of physical and psychological well-being are a combo of biological, psychological and social factors

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2
Q

What is Burnout?

A

long-term exhaustion and loss of motivation caused by chronic stress

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3
Q

What is stress?

A

physiological response to an event that is appraised taxing or exceeding one’s ability to adapt and is magnified by the social context

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4
Q

What is stress appraisal theory?

A

cause of stress is one’s interpretation of an event

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5
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

evaluation of the situational demands and wether they are challenging or threatening

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6
Q

What is secondary appraisal?

A

evaluation of our available resources and wether we have enough of them to deal with the challenge or threat

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7
Q

Name 3 common situations that lead to stress response?

A
  1. psychological uncertainty: inability to predict what happens next/ outcome of an action
  2. time pressure: making complex decisions under time pressure/lack of info
  3. goal conflict: stuck between goals
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8
Q

What is goal conflict?

A
  • approach-approach: wanting 2 opposing desirable things
  • avoidance-avoidance: choosing between 2 bd things
  • approach-avoidance: wanting 1 goal that has good and bad consequences
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9
Q

What is the biological stress response?

A
  • Set of physiological responses to stress
  • has 2 pathways: SAM axis and HPA axis
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10
Q

What is the HPA axis of the stress response?

A

slow reaction, beginning in hypothalamus that, through ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland and releases glucocorticoids

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11
Q

What is the SAM axis of the biological stress response?

A

fast reaction, beginning in hypothalamus that activates parasympathetic system and through adrenal gland, releases catecholamines

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12
Q

What are catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine/ Adrenaline and Norepinephrine: hormones secreted by adrenal gland involved in activating sympathetic system

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13
Q

What is the difference between Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?

A

Epinephrine/Adrenaline: main effects on the body
Norepinephrine: psychoactive effects on the brain

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14
Q

How do Catecholamines relate with the fight or flight response?

A

actions of catecholamines will very quickly suppress digestion, increases focus and increase respiration and heart rate

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15
Q

What is cortisol?

A
  • stress hormone released through HPA axis secreted by adrenal gland
  • main function is regulating energy used by body by increasing amount of sugar in blood
  • improves brain function and speeds healing of tissue
  • slower effect than catecholamines but longer lasting
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16
Q

What is the General adaptation syndrome?

A
  • 3 stage response to stress
    1. alarm phase
    2. resistance phase
    3. exhaustion phase
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17
Q

What is the alarm phase?

A

Catecholamines and cortisol activate sympathetic NS and get body ready to cope with stressor

18
Q

What is the resistance phase?

A

In response to prolonged threat, ongoing effects of cortisol are felt, including modification of normal biological functions

18
Q

What is the exhaustion phase?

A

Body can no longer properly deal with the stress, and physical emotional and psychological resources are drained, increasing susceptibility for long-term consequences

19
Q

What is amplification?

A

other people are reliable stress triggers

20
Q

What is coping?

A

Cooperation can help us cope with stressors better than we could alone

21
Q

What is good stress?

A
  • Short term stress response is critical for survival and allows our bodies to act rapidly and with more energy
  • in moderate amount enjoyed
22
Q

What is bad stress?

A

when stress is chronic it leads beyond alarm phase and into exhaustion

23
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of disease?

A
  1. biological effect can be inhibited/magnified by social and psycho factors
  2. psycho factors are predictors of likelihood, severity and course of health issues
  3. patient-doctor relations influence medical outcomes
  4. patients should be treated with empathy
24
Q

What studies support the biopsychosocial disease model?

A
  • Poison ivy study: participants who had their skin touched with poison ivy but were told it was harmless plant showed a lot less swelling
  • Bone marrow transplant study: patients who had better stress coping skills experienced less post-operational pain than those with poor stress coping skills
25
Q

Name a health benefit of acute stress

A

increased resilience: students who report experiencing a moderate level of lifetime adversity find it easier to withstand a mild experience of physical pain

26
Q

Name risks of acute stress

A
  • changes in brains structure
  • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
  • Problems in regulating immune function
  • Gastrointestinal issues
  • Aging
27
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex?

A
  • cortical brain region largely involved in control of goal-directed behaviour and inhibition of impulses
  • reduced PFC function > low impulse control, poor emotion regulation, inflexible behaviours
28
Q

What is inflammation?

A

release of cytokines by immune system in effort to fight potential diseases
chronic stress > disregulation of cytokine production > more inflammation

29
Q

What is Coronary heart disease?

A

condition where the heart’s blood supply is blocked/stopped by built up substance in arteries leading to heart attack

30
Q

How is stress a predictor of coronary heart disease?

A
  • Prolonged increased blood pressure can damage heart arteries
  • Cortisol reduces liver function > cholesterol breakdown becomes less efficient
  • Chronic inflammation can affect arteries > reduced ability to carry blood
31
Q

What is a type A personality?

A

ambitious and driven, but also controlling and aggressive

32
Q

What did the Baboon tuberculosis study find in regards to stress?

A
  • troop of baboons were exposed to tuberculosis
    → deaths were overwhelmingly amongst the highly aggressive alpha-males, rather than the rest of the troop
33
Q

What is Inflammatory Bowel disease?

A
  • disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that causes severe pain, damage to intestines, chronic fatigue, etc
  • causes stress > increases inflammation and worsens IBD
34
Q

What is a peptic ulcer?

A

lesion in stomach lining caused by bacteria that causes significant pain and discomfort

35
Q

What are Telomere?

A
  • Chemical caps that prevent chromosomes fraying and sticking to each other.
  • With age they wear away.
36
Q

What are telomerase?

A
  • enzyme that rebuilds Telomere and slows down process of aging
  • chronic stress slows down production of telomerase
37
Q

What is defensive/avoidance/repressive coping?

A
  • minimizing stress by distancing ourselves from triggers
  • avoid/withdraw from stressor
38
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

Due to prolonged stress and trauma an agent becomes convinced they have no control over the situation, failing to take action even when given an opportunity to

39
Q

What are the 3 stages of remembering?

A
  • acquisition/encoding: first step where attention plays a role in remembering
  • consolidation: memory becomes fixed in long-term storage
  • recall: process of retrieving memory
40
Q

What are flashbulb memories?

A
  • Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events
  • vivid and detailed

Psych 102 (8 decks)

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