Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

Open Injury

Answer 1

an injury of direct penetration through the skull to the brain. (GSW, sharp objects)

Question 2

Closed Injury

Answer 2

an injury to the brain without penetration through the skull. (concussion, drug overdose, hypoxia)

Question 3

Primary Injury

Answer 3

initial injury to the brain is sustained by impact (coup/contracoup)

Question 4

Coup lesion

Answer 4

a direct lesion of the brain under the point of impact. Local brain damage sustained

Question 5

Contrecoup lesion

Answer 5

An injury that results on the opposite side of the brain. Lesion due to the rebound effect of the brain after impact

Question 6

Secondary Injury

Answer 6

Brain damage that occurs as a response to the initial injury (hematoma, hypoxia, ischemia) (epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma)

Question 7

Epidural hematoma

Answer 7

a hemorrhage that forms between the skull and dura mater.

Question 8

Subdural hematoma

Answer 8

a hemorrhage that forms due to venous rupture between the dura and arachnoid mater

Question 9

Coma

Answer 9

a state of unconsciousness at a level of unresponsiveness to all internal and external stimuli

Question 10

Stupor

Answer 10

a state of general unresponsiveness with arousal occurring from repeated stimuli

Question 11

Obtundity

Answer 11

A state of consciousness that is characterized by a state of sleep, reduced alertness, to arousal, and delayed responses to stimuli

Question 12

Delirium

Answer 12

a state of consciousness that is characterized by disorientation, confusion, agitation, and louddness

Question 13

Clouding of consciousness

Answer 13

characterized by quiet behavior, confusion, poor attention, and delated responses

Question 14

Consciousness

Answer 14

a state of alertness, awareness, orientation, and memory

Question 15

Grade 1 Concussion

Answer 15

no loss of consciousness but typically some transient confusion by the patient. Symptoms resolve within 15 minutes of event

Question 16

Grade 2 Concussion

Answer 16

moderate head injury with transient confusion that will last longer than 15 minutes. Patient may exhibit poor concentration and retrograde and anterograde amnesia.

Question 17

Grade 3 Concussion

Answer 17

head injury with any form of loss of consciousness. P patient should require transport to the emergency room for full neuro evaluation and should be withheld from competition for minimum of one month following injury.

Question 18

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 18

the inability to create new memory - usually the last to recover after a comatose state.

Question 19

Post-traumatic amnesia

Answer 19

time between injury and when the pt is able to recall recent events

Question 20

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 20

the inability to remember events prior to the injury. May progressively decrease with recovery.