Terminology Flashcards
Agnosia
the inability to interpret information
Agraphesthesia
the inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on the skin
Agraphia
the inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia
Alexia
the inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain
Anosognosia
the denial or unawareness of one’s illness; often associated with unilateral neglect
Aphasia
the inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage of specific areas of the brain
Apraxia
The inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task
Astereognosis
the inability to recognize objects by sense of touch
Body schema
having an understanding of the body as a whole and relationship of its parts to the whole
Constructional apraxia
the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs. A person is often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task
Decerebrate rigidity
extension of the trunk and all extremities - brainstem lesion
Decorticate rigidity
trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion - diencephalon lesion
Diplopia
double vision
Dysarthria
Slurred speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech
Dysphagia
the inability to properly swallow
Dysprosody
impairment in the rhythm and inflexion of speech
Emotional lability
a characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation
Fluent aphasia
characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation but lacks content.
Hemiparesis
a condition of weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
a condition of paralysis on one side of the body
Homonymous hemianopsia
the loss of one half of the field of vision in both eyes
Ideational apraxia
the inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired
Ideomotor apraxia
a condition where a person plans a movement or task but cannot volitionally perform it - automatic movement may occur but they cannot impose additional movement on command
Neologism
substitution within a word that is so severe that it makes toe word unrecognizable
Non-fluent aphasia
characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphrases. Writing is also impaired
Perseveration
the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose
Synergy
mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity due to brain damage.
Unilateral neglect
the inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion. Left-sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the right inferior parietal or superior temporal lobes.
