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Neuromuscular NPTE > Neuro Rehab > Flashcards

Neuro Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Learning: Cognitive Stage

A
  • large amounts of errors
  • inconsistent attempts
  • repetition of effort allows for improvement strategies
  • inconsistent performance
  • learning, observing, processing feedback
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2
Q

Motor Learning: Associative Stage

A
  • decreased errors
  • decreased need for concentration and cognition
  • skill refinement
  • increased coordination of movement
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3
Q

Motor Learning: Autonomous Stage

A
  • automatic response
  • error-free regardless of environment
  • automatic patterns of movement
  • distraction does no impact the activity
  • can perform more than one task simultaneously
  • extrinsic feedback should be limited or not provided
  • internal feedback or self-assessment should be dominant
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4
Q

Intrinsic (inherent) feedback

A

all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs

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5
Q

Extrinsic (augmented) feedback

A

represents the information that can be provided while a task of movement is in progress or subsequent to the movement. (Verbal or manual)

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6
Q

Knowledge of results

A

terminal feedback regarding the outcome of a movement that has been performed in relation to the movement’s goals

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7
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

relates to the actual movement pattern that someone used to achieve their goal movement

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8
Q

Massed practice

A

time in trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials

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9
Q

Distributed practice

A

the amount of rest time between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of practice time for each trial

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10
Q

Constant practice

A

practice of a given task under a uniform condition

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11
Q

Variable practice

A

practice of a given task under differing conditions

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12
Q

Random practice

A

varying practice amongst different tasks

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13
Q

Blocked practice

A

consistent practice of a single task

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14
Q

Whole practice

A

practice of an entire task

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15
Q

Part practice

A

practice of an individual component or selected components of a task

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16
Q

Closed system model

A

transfer of information that incorporates multiple feedback loops and larger distribution of control.
- nervous system enables initiation of movement as opposed to “reacting” to stimuli

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17
Q

Compensation

A

the ability to utilize alternate motor and sensory strategies due to an impairment that limits the normal completion of a task

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18
Q

Habituation

A

the decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli

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19
Q

Learning

A

the process of acquiring knowledge about the world that leads to a relatively permanent change in a person’s capability to perform a skilled action

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20
Q

Motor learning

A

the acquisition of, or modification of movement

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21
Q

Motor program

A

a concept of a central motor pattern that can be activated by sensory stimuli or central processes.

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22
Q

Open systems model

A

a single transfer of information without any feedback loop (reflexive hierarchical theory). The nervous system is seen as awaiting stimuli in order to react

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23
Q

Performance

A

a temporary change in motor behavior seen during a particular session of practice that is a result of many variables, however only one variable is focusing on the act of learning.

24
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability to modify of change at a synapse level either temporarily or permanently in order to perform a particular function

25
Q

Postural control

A

the ability of the motor and sensory systems to stabilize position and control movement

26
Q

Recovery

A

The ability to utilize previous strategies to return to the same level of functioning

27
Q

Sensitization

A

the increase in response that will occur as a result of noxious stimulus

28
Q

Strategy

A

A plan used to produce a specific result or outcome that will influence the structure or system

29
Q

Closed Motor Skill

A

a skill that is performed under a stable and unchanging environment

30
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Providing the patient with external feedback regarding their performance of a task

31
Q

Open motor skill

A

a skill that is performed under a consistently changing environment

32
Q

Transfer of learning

A

an action cannot be separated from the environment that it is performed in. A patient must be able to transfer the skill or motor task to a different environment.

33
Q

Facilitation

A

a technique utilized to elicit voluntary muscular contraction

34
Q

Inhibition

A

a technique utilized to decrease excessive tone or movement

35
Q

Key points of control

A

specific handling of designated areas of the body (shoulder, pelvis, hand, and foot), will influence and facilitate posture, alignment, and control

36
Q

Placing

A

the act of moving an extremity into a position that the patient must hold against gravity

37
Q

reflex inhibiting posture

A

designated static positions that inhibit abnormal tonal influences and reflexes

38
Q

Associated reaction

A

an involuntary and automatic movement of a body part as a result of an intentional active or resistive movement in another body part

39
Q

Homolateral synkinesis

A

a flexion pattern of the involved upper extremity facilitates flexion of the involved lower extremity

40
Q

Limb synergies

A

a group of muscles that produce a predictable pattern of movement in flexion or extension patterns

41
Q

Raimiste’s phenomenon

A

the involved lower extremity will abduct or adduct with applied resistance to the uninvolved lower extremity in the same direction

42
Q

Souques’ phenomenon

A

raising the involved upper extremity above 100 degrees with elbow extension will produce extension and abduction of the fingers

43
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 1

A

No volitional movement initiated

44
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 2

A

the appearance of basic limb synergies and the beginning of spasticity

45
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 3

A

The synergies are performed voluntarily; spasticity increases

46
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 4

A

spasticity begins to decrease and movement patterns are not dictated solely by limb synergies

47
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 5

A

A further decrease in spasticity is noted with independence from limb synergy patterns

48
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 6

A

isolated joint movements are performed with coordination

49
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery - Stage 7

A

normal motor function is restored

50
Q

Chopping

A

a combination of bilateral upper extremity asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity

51
Q

Developmental sequence

A

a progression of a motor skill acquisition. The stages of motor control include mobility, stability, controlled mobility and skill

52
Q

Mass movement patterns

A

the hip, knee, and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

53
Q

Overflow

A

muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles

54
Q

Levels of motor control: Mobility

A

the ability to initiate movement through a functional range of motion

55
Q

Levels of motor control: Stability

A

the ability to maintain a position or posture through co-contraction and tonic holding around a joint.

56
Q

Levels of motor control: Controlled Mobility

A

the ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis. (ex - weight shifting in quadruped)

57
Q

Levels of motor control: Skill

A

the ability to consistently perform functional tasks and manipulate the environment with normal postural reflex mechanisms and balance reactions. (ADLs and community locomotion)

Neuromuscular NPTE (18 decks)

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