Movement Disorders/Terminology Flashcards
Athetosis
Slow, twisting, and writhing movements that are large in amplitude. Mostly seen in the face, tongue, trunk, and extremities
Chroea
a form of hyperkinesia that presents with brief, irregular contractions that are rapid. Often equated to “fidgeting”
Dystonia
A syndrome of sustained muscle contractions that frequently cause twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements.
*PD, CP, encephalitis
Tics
sudden, brief, repetitive coordination movements that will usually occur at irregular intervals.
Resting Tremors
observable at rest and may or may not disappear with movement; may increase with mental stress.
Postural Tremors
observable during voluntary contraction to maintain a posture.
Intention (kinetic) Tremors
absent at rest, but observable with activity and typically increase as the target approaches.
Akinesia
the inability to initiate movement, commonly seen in patients with PD
Asthenia
generalized weakness typically secondary to cerebellar pathology
Ataxia
the inability to perform coordinated movements
Athetosis
a condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability
Bradykinesia
movement that is very slow
Chorea
movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary
Clasp-knife response
a form of resistance seen during range of motion of hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the range of motion
Clonus
a characteristic of an upper motor neuron lesion; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex
Cogwheel rigidity
a form of rigidity where resistance of movement has a phasic quality to it; often seen in PD
Dysdiadochokinesia
the inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
Dysmetria
the inability to control the range of movement and the force of muscular activity
Dystonia
closely related to athetosis, however there is larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles
Fasciculation
a muscular twitch that is caused by random discharge of a LMN and its muscle fibers; suggests a LMN disease but can be benign
Hemiballism
an involuntary and violent movement of a large body part
Kinesthesia
the ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part
Lead pipe rigidity
uniform and constant resistance to range of motion, often associated with lesions of the basal ganglia
Rigidity
a state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint
Tremor
involuntary rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to a basal ganglia lesion.