Traumatic Brain injury Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A

CNS disorder involving one or more substructures of the CNS

Type of acquired brain injury caused by a traumatic event

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2
Q

CNS or PNS

A

CNS

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3
Q

Aetiology (cause)

A

Traumatic event

  • rapidly moving hard object hits a stationary head
  • rapidly moving head hits a stationary object

Multiple areas of the brain can be injured - multifocal, diffuse

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4
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Traumatic event causes bleeding/swelling in the brain

  • > increase in volume within the cranium
  • > increase in intracranial pressure
  • > initial and further injury from TBI
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5
Q

Types of TBI and cause

A
  • subdural haematoma: tearing of vein on subsurface of brain
  • epidural haematoma: fracture of the skull -> meningeal artery -> bleeding into extradural space (skull and dura mater)
  • diffuse axonal injury: tearing of axons within the brain -> widespread injury in the brain
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6
Q

How is it diagnosed

A
  1. clinical assessment
  2. evidence of brain injury on Scans (MRI, CT)
  3. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)
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7
Q

Problems

A
  1. sensory
  2. motor
  3. cognitive
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8
Q

Typical management

A

Conservative

  • managing on intracranial pressure
  • medical management

Surgical

  • craniectomy
  • craniotomy
  • extra-ventricular drain (EVD)
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9
Q

Craniectomy

A

part of skull is removed and not replaced until months later (helmet worn)

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10
Q

Craniotomy

A

part of skull is removed then replaced (in same surgery)

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11
Q

Extra-ventricular drain (EVD)

A

drains intracranial pressure

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