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Neuro Rehab 1 > Impairments > Flashcards

Impairments Flashcards

1
Q

Homonymous Hemianopia + cause

A

Sensory - Vi

Loss of one side of visual field (contralateral to brain lesion)
Lesion posterior to optic chiasm (optic tract, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe)

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2
Q

Monocular blindness + cause

A

Sensory - Vi

Loss of vision from one eye

Lesion to optic nerve

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3
Q

Diplopia + cause

A

Sensory - Vi

Double vision

Lesion in brainstem

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4
Q

Vertigo

A

Sensory - Ve

Illusion of movement that isn’t actually occurring - movement of the environment around the person

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5
Q

Nystagmus

A

Sensory - Ve

Abnormal eye movement - fast in one direct, slow in other.
named after fast component

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6
Q

Paresis + cause

A

Motor

Muscular weakness

UMN and/or LMN lesion

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7
Q

Hypertonia + cause

A

Motor

High resistance to stretch

UMNs

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8
Q

Spasticity (def. + cause + types)

A

Motor - Hypertonia

Abnormal muscle tone - hypertonia - prolonged contraction - Velocity-dependent

cause: UMNs

Types: Catch and Clonus (repetitive action)

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9
Q

Rigidity (def. + cause)

A

Motor - Hypertonia - abnormal muscle tone

velocity independent

*Parkinson’s

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10
Q

Hypotonia + cause

A

Motor

low amount of resistance to stretch; floppy

LMNs

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11
Q

Dystonia

A

Motor

Sustained muscle contraction - fixed tone

results in twisting postures

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12
Q

Dysarthria

A

Motor

paresis of muscles used for speech -> slurred speech

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13
Q

Hyperreflexia

A

Motor - abnormal muscle reflex

overactive muscle stretch reflex

UMNs

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14
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

Motor - Abnormal Muscle Stretch Reflex

Reduced or absent muscle stretch reflex

LMNs

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15
Q

Areflexia

A

Motor - abnormal muscle reflex

absent muscle stretch reflex

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16
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Motor - abnormal movement

Slow movement

17
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Motor - abnormal movement

Small movement

18
Q

Dyskinesia + types

A

motor - abnormal movement

Involuntary movement

types: resting tremor, chorea

19
Q

Resting Tremor

A

Motor - abnormal movement - dyskinesia

Involuntary movement that is present at rest and absent with movement

*Parkinson’s

20
Q

Chorea

A

motor - abnormal movement - dyskinesia

Involuntary, jerky movement

21
Q

Dysmetria + cause

A

Abnormal movement - Incoordination

wrong length - misjudging the length to a target

cause: cerebellar dysfunction

22
Q

Ataxia

A

Abnormal movement - incoordination

Jerky movement, mimic being drunk; slurred speech, uncoordinated movement - stumbling, falling, swayed walking

Cause: cerebellar dysfunction

23
Q

Intention tremor

A

Abnormal movement - incoordination

uncoordinated movement of limbs (only limbs) - absent a rest and present with voluntary movement - velocity-dependent

Cause: cerebellar dysfunction

24
Q

Neglect (+ which is more common)

A

Cognitive/Perceptual

inability to attend to one side of the body and environment

more common in lesion to RIGHT (non-dominant) cerebral hemisphere = left sided neglect

25
Q

Aphasia + cause + types + which side lesion is it more common with

A

Cogntive/perceptual

Inability to understand language or use language to express yourself

cause: dysfunction or areas in frontal or parietal lobes

more common in lesion in LEFT (dominant) cerebral hemisphere

types: receptive (Wernicke’s) and Expressive (Broca’s)

26
Q

Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke’s)

A

Cognitive/perceptual

Unable to understand written or spoken language and unable to speak or write with significant meaning

person is usually unaware

Parietal lobe dysfunction

27
Q

Expressive Aphasia (Broca’s)

A

Cognitive/perceptual

Able to understand written or spoken language
Unable to speak or write with significant meaning

  • single words comprehensible, sentences incomprehensive
  • individual are aware*

Frontal lobe dysfunction

28
Q

Apraxia/Dyspraxia + types

A

Cognitive/Perceptual

Person is unable to carry out, on request or by imitation, a skilled, learned movement

Difficulty executing purposeful movement on demand despite adequate limb movement and sensation

Types: ideomotor, ideational, constructional, dressing

29
Q

Pusher Syndrome

A

Cognitive/perceptual

Impaired perception verticality (orientation body relative to gravity)
- view upright at approx. 20 deg to affected side

individual pushes the unaffected side towards the affected side

contralateral to brain lesion

30
Q

3 Cardinal Signs of Parkinson’s

A
  1. Bradykinesia
  2. Rigidity
  3. Resting Tremor
31
Q

Typical cortical lesion impairments

A

Contralateral impairements

sensory - somatosensation

motor

  • hemiparesis
  • hypertonia: spasticity

cognitive/perceptual

32
Q

Typical Cerebellar lesion impairments

A

Ipsilateral impairments

Sensory
- vestibular - C-AVS

Motor

  • hypotonia (floppy)
  • incoordination: intention tremor, ataxia, dysmetria
  • dysarthria

cognitive/perceptual

Neuro Rehab 1 (14 decks)

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