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Neuro Rehab 1 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A

CNS disorder which affects one or more substructures of the CNS caused by an interruption of blood supply to the brain

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2
Q

CNS or PNS

A

CNS

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3
Q

Cause (aetiology)

A

interruption of blood supply to the brain caused by a blockage or rupture of an artery

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4
Q

Types of Stroke (list + cause)

A
  1. Ischaemic (blockage of blood vessel)

2. Haemorrhagic (rupture/bleed of blood vessel)

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5
Q

Ischaemic Stroke sub-types and causes of each

A
  1. Embolic stroke - blood clot

2. Thrombotic stroke - plaques

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6
Q

Haemorrhagic stroke sub-types and cause of each

A
  1. Intracerebral haemorrhage - leakage of blood into brain tissue
  2. Intracranial haemorrhage - leakage of blood between the skull and meninges
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7
Q

Which type of stroke is more common?

A

Ischaemic

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8
Q

Cause (pathology) of haemorrhagic Stroke

A
  1. hypertension - high bp
  2. aneurysms - weak artery walls causes balloons
  3. arteriovenous malformations (AVM) - abnormal blood vessel formations (tangled mesh) -> thin walls rupture
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9
Q

How is it diagnosed

A

Clinical assessment

Scans: MRI, CT

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10
Q

Subclassifications of stroke

A
  1. TACS - total anterior circulation stroke
  2. PACS - posterior-anterior circulation stroke
  3. POCS - posterior circulation stroke
  4. LACS - Lacunar stroke
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11
Q

What causes a TACS or PACS (pathology)

A

compromised integrity of the anterior circulation of the brain:

  • anterior cerebral artery (medial aspect of hemisphere)
  • middle cerebral artery (lateral brain)
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12
Q

TACS classification criteria

A

3/3 of impairment categories

  1. hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss
  2. homonymous hemianopia (vision)
  3. cognitive/perception
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13
Q

PACS classification criteria

A

2/3 of impairment categories

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14
Q

Typical Management

A

Ischaemic stroke
- thrombolysis (drug breaks down clot)
and/or
- endovascular stroke retrieval

Haemorrhagic stroke
- surgery sometimes required

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15
Q

Problems

A

Possible impairments:
Sensory
- hemisensory loss (face, trunk, limbs): absent or altered somatosensation
- homonymous hemianopia

Motor

  • hemiparesis: paralysis to one side
  • ataxia
  • dysarthria (speech)

Cognitive/Perceptual

  • Neglect (R side cortical lesion)
  • Personality /mood changes
  • Apraxia/Dyspraxia
  • Aphasia (L side lesion)
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16
Q

Area of motor cortex supplied by Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

Trunk and Lower limbs

17
Q

Area of motor cortex supplied by Middle Cerebral Artery

A

Arm, Hand, Face, Tongue

Neuro Rehab 1 (14 decks)

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