Trauma and Occular Emergencies Flashcards
What is the etiology of Hyphema
Injury of the anterior chamber that disrupts the vasculature supporting the iris or ciliary body
Treatment for Hyphema
Ophthalmologist referral immediately
Bed rest and lay supine with head elevated to drain blood and decrease IOP
What type of staining will help diagnose conjunctival and corneal foreign bodies?
Fluorescein staining
What causes a Perforated Globe?
Penetrating foreign body
Signs and Symptoms with Chemical conjunctivitis
Signs: Decreased visual acuity, corneal abrasion, red, pink or white
Symptoms:
- Acute pain/burning
- Blurry impaired vision
What are signs and symptoms of a Subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Signs:
- Vision is unaffected
- Diffuse, flat red path that stops at the limbus
Symptoms: Asymptomatic
Treatment for Subconjunctival hemorrhage ?
None, will resolve in 2-4 weeks
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyphema
Signs:
- Vision decrease
- Layered blood in the anterior chamber
Symptoms:
- Acute onset of pain
- Photophobia
- Tearing
What medications can you give for Hyphema
Oral diuretic- acetazolamide
Topical diuretic- dorzolamide
Topical Cycloplegic - atropine
How would you examine a conjunctival/corneal foreign body?
- Apply topical anesthetic (tetracaine)
- Check visual acuity
- Evert eyelid while looking for FB
- Check with fluorescein for abrasions
- Check pupils for any intraocular FB
Treatment for FB
Removal and lubricant or antibiotic eye drops
What is the cause of Perforated (pierced) Globe?
Penetrating trauma like from hammering/shaving metal
What are the signs of a perforated globe?
Loss of anterior chamber depth
Misshapen pupil
Vitreous leakage (jelly)
What are the signs of a corneal abrasion?
Vision affected
Visible epithelial defects
*Best seen with fluorescein dye and black light
How do you treat corneal abrasions
Topical antibiotics and lubricants. Cornea will heal quickly and needs follow up in 1-2 days