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Foundations of Clinical Practice II > Ear Disorder 2 > Flashcards

Ear Disorder 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Dysfunction of external or middle ear

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2
Q

Sensorinueural Hearing loss

A

Dysfunction of inner ear

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3
Q

What are the possible etiologies behind Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A
  1. Presbycusis - age related and most common
  2. Persistent noise exposure
  3. Head trauma
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4
Q

What are the treatment recommendations for Hearing Loss

A
  1. Every patient should be referred to audiology/ENT unless the cause is obvious like otitis media
  2. Any patient with new onset hearing loss without an obvious pathology needs quick referral to audiology
  3. Everyone 65 and over needs to be referred.
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5
Q

What is Tinnitus. How is it characterized?

A

Perception of abnormal ear or head noise

High pitched, ringing or buzzing sound lasting from sec-min

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6
Q

Pulsatile tinnitus

A

Listening to ones own heart

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7
Q

Treatment for Tinnitus

A
  1. Avoid excessive noise
  2. Masking with music or hearing aids to drown out noise
  3. Medications- oral antidepressant
  4. Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation

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8
Q

What is Labyrinthisis?

Etiology?

A

Inflammation of the inner ear (CN VIII)

Tends to occur after a viral URI

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9
Q

Labyrinthitis treatments

A
  1. Antibiotics if patient is febrile or with symptoms of bacterial infection
2. Vestibular suppresents to decrease sensitivity of the inner ear
 Anticholinergics/Antihistamines 
- Dimenhydrinate/Dramimine
-Meclizine/Antivert
-Benzodiazepines- Lorazepam/Ativan
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10
Q

How is Menieres Disease diagnosed?

A
  1. Refer to ENT, audiology
  2. Caloric test
    • blow cold/warm water in the ears and check for nystagmus
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11
Q

What is Vertigo

A

Sense of motion when there is no motion

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Vertigo

A
  • Spinning sensation
  • Sense of tumbling
  • Falling forward or backward.
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13
Q

What can you do to diagnose Vertigo?

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

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14
Q

Etiology behind Conductive Hearing Loss?

A
  1. Cerumen Impaction

2. Eustachian tube dysfunction

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15
Q

Thresholds greater than___ are considered abnormal

A

25 db

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16
Q

Staccato tinnitus

A

Rapid series of pops and clicks with sensation of ear fluttering.

17
Q

What is the pathology of Menieres disease

A

Bulging of the semi-circular

18
Q

How is Menieres disease clinically presented?

A
  1. Episodic vertigo (20 min - 1 hour)
  2. Sensorineural loss
  3. Tinnitus- low tone
  4. Unilateral ear pressure
19
Q

Treatment for Menieres Disease? What is the main goal?

A

Main goal is to decrease endolymph fluid pressure in the inner ear.

  1. Diuretics
  2. Low salt diet
  3. Vestibular ablation with gentamicin
  4. Surgery
20
Q

Acoustic Neuroma

A

Tumor of CN VIII

  • Begins in auditory canal
  • Gradually grows to compress pons and cause hydrocephalus
21
Q

How can an Acoustic Neuroma present?

A
  1. Unilateral hearing loss
  2. Tinnitus
  3. Disequilibrium
22
Q

What are the best ways to diagnose and treat a Acoustic Neuroma?

A

Diagnose: MRI scan

Treatment:

  • Surgical excision
  • Radiotherapy
23
Q

Differentiate between Central and Peripheral vertigo?

A

Central (Brain):

  • Gradual onset
  • No auditory symptoms like tinnitus

Peripheral (Balance organs of the Ear):

  • Sudden onset
  • Severe, patient can’t walk or stand
  • Associated with tinnitus and hearing loss
  • Horizontal nystagmus
24
Q

Name of the maneuver used to diagnose Vertigo?

Differentiate between a central and peripheral finding

A

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

Peripheral: Delayed onset of fatiguable nystagmus in most peripheral vertigo

Central : Nystagmus is non fatiguable (happens rapidly) indicates central cause

25
Q

What is BPPV?

What is it commonly associated with?

A

Benign Paryoxysmal Positional Vertigo

Most common vestibular disorder

Most commonly associated with head changes (rolling over in bed)

26
Q

How is Vertigo treated?

A
  1. PT or OT referral
  2. Epley Maneuver- moves rocks around
  3. Pharmaceutical agents
  4. Educate patient about risk of falls

Foundations of Clinical Practice II (23 decks)

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