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Foundations of Clinical Practice II > Mouth & Throat Disorders > Flashcards

Mouth & Throat Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main objective when diagnosing Acute Pharyngitis?

A

Whether to rule out GABHS- 5-15%

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2
Q

Criterion Center for Stept Throat?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Absence of Cough
  3. Exudates
  4. Cervical adenitis
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3
Q

Criteria needed to perform a RADT or throat culture

A

3 or more symptoms

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4
Q

Main antibiotic for Acute Pharyngitis?

A

Penicillin V 500 mg or Amoxicillin 500 mg

If allergic to Penicillin:
-Give macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)

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5
Q

What are complications that are associated with GABHS?

A

Acute rheumatic fever

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

Paradise Criteria for Tonillectomy?

How long should these guidelines be observed

A
  1. At least 7 episodes in the last year
    OR at least 5 episodes in 2 years
    OR 3 episodes in the last 3 years
  • 12 month observation period
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7
Q

Who does Peritonsillar Abscess mostly occur in?

A
  1. Most common deep neck infection in children or adolescents
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8
Q

Predominant species for Peritonsillar Abscess?

A

GABHS (Steptococcus pyogenes)

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9
Q

Common symptoms with Peritonsillar Abscess?

A
  1. Severe sore throat
  2. Fever
  3. “Hot potato” or muffled voice
  4. Drooling “painful to swallow”
  5. Trismus “lock jaw”
  6. Ipsilateral ear pain
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10
Q

Physical exam findings for Peritonsillar abscess

A
  1. Swollen, fluctuate tonsils
  2. Deviation of uvula
  3. Bulding of the posterior soft palate
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11
Q

Imaging preferred for Peritonsillar Abscess?

A

CT with IV contrast

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12
Q

Treatment for Peritonsillar Abscess

A
  1. Clear airway obstruction
  2. Drainage (needle aspiration)
  3. Antimicrobial Therapy
    • Parenteral: ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin
    • Oral: amoxicillin-cluvulanate or clindamycin x 14 days
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13
Q

For a Tonsillectomy what does an episode of Acute pharyngitis consists of?

A
  1. Sore throat + Fever
  2. OR tonsillar exudate
  3. OR Anterior cervical adenopathy
  4. Culture confirmed GABHS
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14
Q

What are the infectious causes of Laryngitis

A
  1. Respiratory Viral

2. Low chance of Bacterial

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15
Q

Labs for Peritonsillar Abscess

A

CBC
Electrolytes
Throat culture
Culture of abscess fluid

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16
Q

How is Laryngitis clinically presented?

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. URI symptoms
    - Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat
17
Q

Non infections causes of Laryngitis

A

Vocal abuse

GERD and more

18
Q

Treatment for Laryngitis

A
  1. Treat underlying cause (virus)
  2. Humidification
  3. Voice rest (no whispering)
  4. Hydration
  5. Avoid smoking

Usually resolves in 1-3 weeks. Anything beyond that refer to ENT for possible cancer

19
Q

Ddx for Laryngitis

A

slide 27

20
Q

Etiology for Epiglottitis

Who is most at risk?

A

Viral or BACTERIAL
- Most common is H. Influenza

Risk: Non vaccinated, Immunodeficiency

21
Q

Clinical presentations for Epiglottis?

A

3 D’s

Dyphagia
Drooling
Distress

Along with Tripod position

22
Q

What is a common sign seen in imaging for Epiglottitis?

A

Lateral “thumb sign”

23
Q

Treatment for Epiglottitis?

A
  1. Airway protection
  2. Hopsitalization/ER
  3. IV antibiotics
  4. Educate on Prevention/Immunization
24
Q

Presentation for Oral herpes simplex or Herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Sudden onset Painful vesicular lesions lasting between 10-14 days

25
Q

Treatment for Herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Antivirals
analgesics
Fluids

26
Q

Etiology of Oral candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

27
Q

Signs of Oral candidiasis

A
  1. Painful, creamy-white curd-like patches
  2. Easily scraped off “thrush will brush”
  3. Cotton mouth
  4. Loss of taste
28
Q

How do you diagnose Oral candidiasis?

A
  1. Clinical
  2. KOH wet prep under a microscope
    - budding yeast with or w/o pseudophyphe
29
Q

Treatment for Oral candidiasis

A

Antifungal treatments

30
Q

3 Causes of Head and Neck cancers?

A
  1. HPV 16, 18, 31, = Squamous Cell carcinomas
  2. Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas
  3. P53 Tumor suppressor gene
31
Q

How does Squamous cell carcinomas appear?

What are the risk factors associated?

A

Oral cavity cancers with ulcers or masses that DO NOT heal

32
Q

What is the preferred way to diagnose Squamous Cell carcinoma

A

ENT referral for biopsy

33
Q

Infection that arises from tooth roots and within the neck

A

Ludwigs angina

34
Q

What are the preventions of Ludwig’s angina

A
  1. Swelling of the neck
  2. Air way compression
  3. Fever
35
Q

What are the treatments for Ludwig’s angina?

A
  1. Secure & monitor airway
  2. Hospitalize
  3. IV antibiotics
36
Q
  • Acute infection of the parotid gland

- Firm, erythematous swelling or pre and post auricular areas down to the mandible

A

Suppurative Parotitis

37
Q

What will lab studies show in someone with Suppurative Parotitis

A

Elevated amylase

38
Q

Stone and inflammation in the salivary glands or ducts?

A

Silolithiasis - most stones occur in Wharton duct

Foundations of Clinical Practice II (23 decks)

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