Transport systems in aminals Flashcards
what is the purpose of blood
to transport nutrients oxygen and carbon dioxide
what is blood made up of in mammals
plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
what makes red blood cells special
they are biconcave and having no nucleus
and containing haemoglobin
how does is oxygen transported through RBC
in the form of oxyhaemoglobin
what is a pathogen
pathogen are disease causing micro organisms
ie bacteria, viruses and fungi
what are white blood cells
they are apart of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens
what are the two types of white blood cells
phagocytes
and lymphocytes
what are phagocytes
they can detect foreign pathogens in the blood
they engulf these pathogens and then use powerful enzymes to digest them
this process is called phagocytosis
what do lymphocytes produce
they produce proteins called antibodies which bind to pathogens and destroy them
each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen
name the three types of blood vessels
arteries
capillaries
and veins
how is blood transported through the body
blood vessels
how does blood circulate
from the heart
through the arteries
to the capillaries
to the veins
then back to the heart
what do arteries do
carry blood away from the heart
describe the structure of arteries
thick muscular wall
narrow central channel
carry blood under high pressure away from the heart
what is the function of a vein
carries blood to the heart
describe the structure of a vein
thin muscular wall
wider central channel with valves to prevent the back flow of blood
carry blood at low pressure back towards the heart
why do veins require valves
valves prevent the back flow of blood
what is the function of capillaries
allows efficient gas exchange with body’s cells
how many chambers does the heart have and what are their names
four chambers
two upper atriums
two lower ventricles
how many valves does the heart have and what do they do
it contains four valves which prevent the back flow of blood which keeps blood travelling in one direction
how thick are the muscle walls
the muscle walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the right side
how many blood vessels are in the heart
there are four blood vessels which carry blood in and out of the heart
what is the function of the coronary arteries
they supply the heart with its own oxygenated blood
they branch from the aorta and spread over the heart
