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National Five Biology > Transport systems in aminals > Flashcards

Transport systems in aminals Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the purpose of blood

A

to transport nutrients oxygen and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

what is blood made up of in mammals

A

plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells

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3
Q

what makes red blood cells special

A

they are biconcave and having no nucleus
and containing haemoglobin

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4
Q

how does is oxygen transported through RBC

A

in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

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5
Q

what is a pathogen

A

pathogen are disease causing micro organisms
ie bacteria, viruses and fungi

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6
Q

what are white blood cells

A

they are apart of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens

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7
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes
and lymphocytes

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8
Q

what are phagocytes

A

they can detect foreign pathogens in the blood
they engulf these pathogens and then use powerful enzymes to digest them
this process is called phagocytosis

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9
Q

what do lymphocytes produce

A

they produce proteins called antibodies which bind to pathogens and destroy them

each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

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10
Q

name the three types of blood vessels

A

arteries
capillaries
and veins

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11
Q

how is blood transported through the body

A

blood vessels

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12
Q

how does blood circulate

A

from the heart
through the arteries
to the capillaries
to the veins
then back to the heart

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13
Q

what do arteries do

A

carry blood away from the heart

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14
Q

describe the structure of arteries

A

thick muscular wall
narrow central channel
carry blood under high pressure away from the heart

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15
Q

what is the function of a vein

A

carries blood to the heart

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16
Q

describe the structure of a vein

A

thin muscular wall
wider central channel with valves to prevent the back flow of blood
carry blood at low pressure back towards the heart

17
Q

why do veins require valves

A

valves prevent the back flow of blood

18
Q

what is the function of capillaries

A

allows efficient gas exchange with body’s cells

19
Q

how many chambers does the heart have and what are their names

A

four chambers
two upper atriums
two lower ventricles

20
Q

how many valves does the heart have and what do they do

A

it contains four valves which prevent the back flow of blood which keeps blood travelling in one direction

21
Q

how thick are the muscle walls

A

the muscle walls of the left ventricle are thicker than the right side

22
Q

how many blood vessels are in the heart

A

there are four blood vessels which carry blood in and out of the heart

23
Q

what is the function of the coronary arteries

A

they supply the heart with its own oxygenated blood
they branch from the aorta and spread over the heart

National Five Biology (18 decks)

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