Proteins

Question 1

name the functions of proteins

Answer 1

structural
hormone
antibody
receptors
enzymes

Question 2

describe the function of a structural protein

Answer 2

provide support to different cell structures

Question 3

example of a structural protein

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

function of a hormonal protein

Answer 4

chemical messengers - travel in the bloodstream

Question 5

example of hormonal protein

Answer 5

Insulin

Question 6

function of antibodies

Answer 6

molecules made by white blood cells to fight infection

Question 7

function of receptors

Answer 7

molecules which allows substances to bind cells

Question 8

function of enzymes

Answer 8

biological catalyst which speed up chemical reactions

Question 9

example of an enzyme

Answer 9

Amylase

Question 10

what are the five main properties of enzymes

Answer 10

found and produced in every living cell
made of protein
speed up chemical reactions
remain unchanged in chemical reactions
enzymes are specific to their substrate

Question 11

what is used to describe an enzyme and it’s substrate

Answer 11

lock and key

Question 12

describe the substrate complex

Answer 12

the molecule which an enzyme works on it’s called a substrate
the shape of the active site of an enzyme is complementary to its specific substrates
products will be formed at the end of a reaction
enzymes will remain unchanged

Question 13

what is starch

Answer 13

a large molecule composed of many sugars boing together
it must be broken down into simple sugars by a particular enzyme so it can be absorbed into blood stream during digestion

Question 14

what enzyme is specific to the substrate starch

Answer 14

Amylase

Question 15

where is amylase present

Answer 15

In your saliva
it’s job is to breakdown the starch from food into simple sugars

Question 16

what is a degradation reaction

Answer 16

large substrate is affected by a degradation enzyme and turns into smaller products
( break down )

Question 17

what is a synthesis reaction

Answer 17

small substrates build up to make a larger molecule

Question 18

example of a degradation reaction

Answer 18

hydrogen peroxide uses catalase and turns into oxygen and water

Question 19

what is a catalase

Answer 19

enzyme found in living cells
job is to break down hydrogen peroxide-
a toxic compound found in the body

Question 20

what enzyme breaks down protein

Answer 20

pepsin

protein uses pepsin to turn into polypeptides

Question 21

example of a synthesis reaction

Answer 21

phosphorylase speeds up the build up of small glucose molecules into larger starch molecules

Glucose 1 phosphate uses phosphorylase and turns into starch

Question 22

what are the factors affecting enzymes activity

Answer 22

ph
temperature

Question 23

what is the range of ph in regards to enzymes

Answer 23

This is the range of ph values that the enzymes can function in

Question 24

what does the optimum ph in regards to an enzyme

Answer 24

this is the ph value where the enzyme activity is at its highest

Question 25

working range of temps in regards to enzymes

Answer 25

range of tempreture that an enzyme can function in

Question 26

optimum tempreture with an enzyme

Answer 26

the temp where the enzymes activity is at it’s highest

Question 27

what is the optimum tempreture for enzymes in the human body

Answer 27

37 as this is the normal body temp

Question 28

what happens to enzymes at low temps

Answer 28

not damaged but activity is slowed down
if the temps were increased the activity would increase again

Question 29

enzymes at high temps

Answer 29

enzymes are made of protein
when you heat protein up it changes it’s structure
we say it’s denatured

Question 30

what is it called when proteins structures are changed

Answer 30

Denatured

Question 31

what are denatured enzymes

Answer 31

at high temps enzymes can become can become denatured
results in an irreversible change in shape which can affect the rate of reaction
the shape of the active site changes and is no longer complementary to its substrate
the enzyme cannot function