Proteins Flashcards
name the functions of proteins
structural
hormone
antibody
receptors
enzymes
describe the function of a structural protein
provide support to different cell structures
example of a structural protein
collagen
function of a hormonal protein
chemical messengers - travel in the bloodstream
example of hormonal protein
Insulin
function of antibodies
molecules made by white blood cells to fight infection
function of receptors
molecules which allows substances to bind cells
function of enzymes
biological catalyst which speed up chemical reactions
example of an enzyme
Amylase
what are the five main properties of enzymes
found and produced in every living cell
made of protein
speed up chemical reactions
remain unchanged in chemical reactions
enzymes are specific to their substrate
what is used to describe an enzyme and it’s substrate
lock and key
describe the substrate complex
the molecule which an enzyme works on it’s called a substrate
the shape of the active site of an enzyme is complementary to its specific substrates
products will be formed at the end of a reaction
enzymes will remain unchanged
what is starch
a large molecule composed of many sugars boing together
it must be broken down into simple sugars by a particular enzyme so it can be absorbed into blood stream during digestion
what enzyme is specific to the substrate starch
Amylase
where is amylase present
In your saliva
it’s job is to breakdown the starch from food into simple sugars
what is a degradation reaction
large substrate is affected by a degradation enzyme and turns into smaller products
( break down )
what is a synthesis reaction
small substrates build up to make a larger molecule
example of a degradation reaction
hydrogen peroxide uses catalase and turns into oxygen and water
what is a catalase
enzyme found in living cells
job is to break down hydrogen peroxide-
a toxic compound found in the body
what enzyme breaks down protein
pepsin
protein uses pepsin to turn into polypeptides
example of a synthesis reaction
phosphorylase speeds up the build up of small glucose molecules into larger starch molecules
Glucose 1 phosphate uses phosphorylase and turns into starch
what are the factors affecting enzymes activity
ph
temperature
what is the range of ph in regards to enzymes
This is the range of ph values that the enzymes can function in
what does the optimum ph in regards to an enzyme
this is the ph value where the enzyme activity is at its highest
working range of temps in regards to enzymes
range of tempreture that an enzyme can function in
optimum tempreture with an enzyme
the temp where the enzymes activity is at it’s highest
what is the optimum tempreture for enzymes in the human body
37 as this is the normal body temp
what happens to enzymes at low temps
not damaged but activity is slowed down
if the temps were increased the activity would increase again
enzymes at high temps
enzymes are made of protein
when you heat protein up it changes it’s structure
we say it’s denatured
what is it called when proteins structures are changed
Denatured
what are denatured enzymes
at high temps enzymes can become can become denatured
results in an irreversible change in shape which can affect the rate of reaction
the shape of the active site changes and is no longer complementary to its substrate
the enzyme cannot function
