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General Biology II > Transport of Matter and Energy > Flashcards

Transport of Matter and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

3 systems used by muscle to function w/ time.

A
  1. phosphogen 10sec
  2. Glycolysis 2min
  3. Oxidative Metabolism infinity
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2
Q

1-3 sec

A

ATP stored in muscle cells in used

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3
Q

4-10 sec

A

ATP is made from the Phosphocreatine system

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4
Q

Convertion of phosphocreatine?

A

PCr loses a P so it becomes Cr and the P is taken by the ADP that becomes ATP

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5
Q

What does ADP and ATP stand for?

A

D - diphosphate

T- triphosphate

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6
Q

Speed of phosphocreatine system?

A

4M ATP/min FAST

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7
Q

10sec to 2min

A

synthesize ATP from Glycogen w/out oxygen

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8
Q

Glycolysis?

A

glycogen is broken down into glucide and than the glycolysis creates a chain of reaction

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9
Q

WHat happens when glycogen in transformed into 2 pyruvate and there is no oxygen?

A

Pyruvate transforms into lactic acid, which augments the muscle’s pH and shots down enzyme activity

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10
Q

2min to infinity?

A

synthesize ATP from Oxidative metabolism

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11
Q

Oxidative metabolism?

A

glycogen broken down into glycose then broken down into 2 pyruvate + oxygen = Chemiosmosis

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12
Q

in what processes are the 2 pyruvates used?

A
  1. citric acid cycle
  2. electron transport
  3. chemiosmosis
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13
Q

Which process to form O2 is aerobic and which is not?

A

Aerobic = oxidative metabolism because O2 used

others aren’t

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14
Q

Chemiosmosis?

A

creates ATP

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15
Q

% of energy used by muscle?

A

95% oxidative metabolism
4% Glycolysis
1%phosphogen

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16
Q

What does oxidative metabolism needs to be eternal?

A

an indefinit amount of O2 and glucose

17
Q

Which energy metabolist would be used for a marathon?

A

Oxidative metabolism

18
Q

Which energy metabolist should be used by a sprinter?

A

Phosphogen

19
Q

How are collected nutrients absorbed by the small intestine?

A
  1. Monoglycerides and lon chain fatty acids modified before entering lymphatic system.
  2. monosach. + aa and SHORT CHAIN fatty acids enter fenestered capillaries.
20
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

21
Q

conitnuous capillaries?

permeability, common or not?, where?

A

least permeable, most common, found in skin and muscles

22
Q

fenestrated capillaries?

shape, where

A

large pores for absorption

small intestine and kidneys

23
Q

sinusoid capillaries?

permeability, location

A

most permeable

liver, bonne marrow and spleen

24
Q

composition of blood?

A

red cells, whites cells, plasma, plaques

25
Q

role of liver in the circulation of nutrients.

A

sorts out nutrients
receives nutirents from blood in sinusoid capillaries
remaining nutrients are sent to heart

26
Q

where do the capillaries in stomach, small intestine and large intestine empty in?

A

in the liver, responsible for the hepatic portal vein

27
Q

pathway of blood?

A

de-oxygenated blood enters right atrium –> right atriums contracts –>blood enters right ventricle–>right ventricule contracts –> de-oxyganated blood is sent to the lungs–> blood picks up oxygen–>oxygenated blood enters left atrium–>left atrium contracts–> blood enters left ventricle–>left ventricle contracts–>oxygenated blood enters aorta and flows through the body

28
Q

In which direction is moving blood in veins?

A

Veins contain de-oxygenated blood that go toward the hearth. The only exception is te blood going out of the right ventricle

29
Q

In which direction is moving the blood in the arteries?

A

It is moving away from the hearth as it is oxygenated blood. The only exception is the blood coming from the lungs in the left atrium that has just been oxygenated.

30
Q

How does the hearth beats?

A

It has a coordinate hearth beat.

31
Q

What are the steps to the coordinated hearth beat?

A
  1. signal initiated in SA node (right atrium)
  2. 1 an electrical signal is received from the nervous system
  3. 2 systole of both atria
  4. signal reached AV node
  5. 1 both ventriles depolarized (signal is sent to ventricles)
  6. 2 systole od both ventricles
32
Q

What are the nodes implied in the coordinated heart beat?

A

SA(up) and AV (down) nodes in right atrium

33
Q

definition of systole.

A

contraction

34
Q

definition of diastole

A

relaxation

35
Q

120/80, which of these two numbers is related to systole contraction in blood pressure

A

120

80 is the blood pressure measurement of diastole

36
Q

How does the delivery of nutrients and oxygen goes?

A

the blood is moved through the capillaries

37
Q

Does the blood go slow or fast in the capillaries?

A

The blood circulates at a very slow rate to maximize tthe substance exchange.

38
Q

Which between the veins and arteries have the highest blood pressure?

A

The blood pressure is higher in the arteries than in the veins since it’s concentration in oxygen is high.

39
Q

In order, what are the names of the blood vessels from arteries to veins.

A

large arteries - small arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins

General Biology II (10 decks)

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