Transport of Matter and Energy Flashcards
3 systems used by muscle to function w/ time.
- phosphogen 10sec
- Glycolysis 2min
- Oxidative Metabolism infinity
1-3 sec
ATP stored in muscle cells in used
4-10 sec
ATP is made from the Phosphocreatine system
Convertion of phosphocreatine?
PCr loses a P so it becomes Cr and the P is taken by the ADP that becomes ATP
What does ADP and ATP stand for?
D - diphosphate
T- triphosphate
Speed of phosphocreatine system?
4M ATP/min FAST
10sec to 2min
synthesize ATP from Glycogen w/out oxygen
Glycolysis?
glycogen is broken down into glucide and than the glycolysis creates a chain of reaction
WHat happens when glycogen in transformed into 2 pyruvate and there is no oxygen?
Pyruvate transforms into lactic acid, which augments the muscle’s pH and shots down enzyme activity
2min to infinity?
synthesize ATP from Oxidative metabolism
Oxidative metabolism?
glycogen broken down into glycose then broken down into 2 pyruvate + oxygen = Chemiosmosis
in what processes are the 2 pyruvates used?
- citric acid cycle
- electron transport
- chemiosmosis
Which process to form O2 is aerobic and which is not?
Aerobic = oxidative metabolism because O2 used
others aren’t
Chemiosmosis?
creates ATP
% of energy used by muscle?
95% oxidative metabolism
4% Glycolysis
1%phosphogen
What does oxidative metabolism needs to be eternal?
an indefinit amount of O2 and glucose
Which energy metabolist would be used for a marathon?
Oxidative metabolism
Which energy metabolist should be used by a sprinter?
Phosphogen
How are collected nutrients absorbed by the small intestine?
- Monoglycerides and lon chain fatty acids modified before entering lymphatic system.
- monosach. + aa and SHORT CHAIN fatty acids enter fenestered capillaries.
types of capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid
conitnuous capillaries?
permeability, common or not?, where?
least permeable, most common, found in skin and muscles
fenestrated capillaries?
shape, where
large pores for absorption
small intestine and kidneys
sinusoid capillaries?
permeability, location
most permeable
liver, bonne marrow and spleen
composition of blood?
red cells, whites cells, plasma, plaques
role of liver in the circulation of nutrients.
sorts out nutrients
receives nutirents from blood in sinusoid capillaries
remaining nutrients are sent to heart
where do the capillaries in stomach, small intestine and large intestine empty in?
in the liver, responsible for the hepatic portal vein
pathway of blood?
de-oxygenated blood enters right atrium –> right atriums contracts –>blood enters right ventricle–>right ventricule contracts –> de-oxyganated blood is sent to the lungs–> blood picks up oxygen–>oxygenated blood enters left atrium–>left atrium contracts–> blood enters left ventricle–>left ventricle contracts–>oxygenated blood enters aorta and flows through the body
In which direction is moving blood in veins?
Veins contain de-oxygenated blood that go toward the hearth. The only exception is te blood going out of the right ventricle
In which direction is moving the blood in the arteries?
It is moving away from the hearth as it is oxygenated blood. The only exception is the blood coming from the lungs in the left atrium that has just been oxygenated.
How does the hearth beats?
It has a coordinate hearth beat.
What are the steps to the coordinated hearth beat?
- signal initiated in SA node (right atrium)
- 1 an electrical signal is received from the nervous system
- 2 systole of both atria
- signal reached AV node
- 1 both ventriles depolarized (signal is sent to ventricles)
- 2 systole od both ventricles
What are the nodes implied in the coordinated heart beat?
SA(up) and AV (down) nodes in right atrium
definition of systole.
contraction
definition of diastole
relaxation
120/80, which of these two numbers is related to systole contraction in blood pressure
120
80 is the blood pressure measurement of diastole
How does the delivery of nutrients and oxygen goes?
the blood is moved through the capillaries
Does the blood go slow or fast in the capillaries?
The blood circulates at a very slow rate to maximize tthe substance exchange.
Which between the veins and arteries have the highest blood pressure?
The blood pressure is higher in the arteries than in the veins since it’s concentration in oxygen is high.
In order, what are the names of the blood vessels from arteries to veins.
large arteries - small arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins
