Transport of Matter and Energy

Question 1

3 systems used by muscle to function w/ time.

Answer 1

1. phosphogen 10sec
2. Glycolysis 2min
3. Oxidative Metabolism infinity

Question 2

1-3 sec

Answer 2

ATP stored in muscle cells in used

Question 3

4-10 sec

Answer 3

ATP is made from the Phosphocreatine system

Question 4

Convertion of phosphocreatine?

Answer 4

PCr loses a P so it becomes Cr and the P is taken by the ADP that becomes ATP

Question 5

What does ADP and ATP stand for?

Answer 5

D - diphosphate

T- triphosphate

Question 6

Speed of phosphocreatine system?

Answer 6

4M ATP/min FAST

Question 7

10sec to 2min

Answer 7

synthesize ATP from Glycogen w/out oxygen

Question 8

Glycolysis?

Answer 8

glycogen is broken down into glucide and than the glycolysis creates a chain of reaction

Question 9

WHat happens when glycogen in transformed into 2 pyruvate and there is no oxygen?

Answer 9

Pyruvate transforms into lactic acid, which augments the muscle’s pH and shots down enzyme activity

Question 10

2min to infinity?

Answer 10

synthesize ATP from Oxidative metabolism

Question 11

Oxidative metabolism?

Answer 11

glycogen broken down into glycose then broken down into 2 pyruvate + oxygen = Chemiosmosis

Question 12

in what processes are the 2 pyruvates used?

Answer 12

1. citric acid cycle
2. electron transport
3. chemiosmosis

Question 13

Which process to form O2 is aerobic and which is not?

Answer 13

Aerobic = oxidative metabolism because O2 used

others aren’t

Question 14

Chemiosmosis?

Answer 14

creates ATP

Question 15

% of energy used by muscle?

Answer 15

95% oxidative metabolism
4% Glycolysis
1%phosphogen

Question 16

What does oxidative metabolism needs to be eternal?

Answer 16

an indefinit amount of O2 and glucose

Question 17

Which energy metabolist would be used for a marathon?

Answer 17

Oxidative metabolism

Question 18

Which energy metabolist should be used by a sprinter?

Answer 18

Phosphogen

Question 19

How are collected nutrients absorbed by the small intestine?

Answer 19

1. Monoglycerides and lon chain fatty acids modified before entering lymphatic system.
2. monosach. + aa and SHORT CHAIN fatty acids enter fenestered capillaries.

Question 20

types of capillaries

Answer 20

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

Question 21

conitnuous capillaries?

permeability, common or not?, where?

Answer 21

least permeable, most common, found in skin and muscles

Question 22

fenestrated capillaries?

shape, where

Answer 22

large pores for absorption

small intestine and kidneys

Question 23

sinusoid capillaries?

permeability, location

Answer 23

most permeable

liver, bonne marrow and spleen

Question 24

composition of blood?

Answer 24

red cells, whites cells, plasma, plaques

Question 25

role of liver in the circulation of nutrients.

Answer 25

sorts out nutrients receives nutirents from blood in sinusoid capillaries remaining nutrients are sent to heart

Question 26

where do the capillaries in stomach, small intestine and large intestine empty in?

Answer 26

in the liver, responsible for the hepatic portal vein

Question 27

pathway of blood?

Answer 27

de-oxygenated blood enters right atrium --> right atriums contracts -->blood enters right ventricle-->right ventricule contracts --> de-oxyganated blood is sent to the lungs--> blood picks up oxygen-->oxygenated blood enters left atrium-->left atrium contracts--> blood enters left ventricle-->left ventricle contracts-->oxygenated blood enters aorta and flows through the body

Question 28

In which direction is moving blood in veins?

Answer 28

Veins contain de-oxygenated blood that go toward the hearth. The only exception is te blood going out of the right ventricle

Question 29

In which direction is moving the blood in the arteries?

Answer 29

It is moving away from the hearth as it is oxygenated blood. The only exception is the blood coming from the lungs in the left atrium that has just been oxygenated.

Question 30

How does the hearth beats?

Answer 30

It has a coordinate hearth beat.

Question 31

What are the steps to the coordinated hearth beat?

Answer 31

1. signal initiated in SA node (right atrium) 1. 1 an electrical signal is received from the nervous system 1. 2 systole of both atria 2. signal reached AV node 2. 1 both ventriles depolarized (signal is sent to ventricles) 2. 2 systole od both ventricles

Question 32

What are the nodes implied in the coordinated heart beat?

Answer 32

SA(up) and AV (down) nodes in right atrium

Question 33

definition of systole.

Answer 33

contraction

Question 34

definition of diastole

Answer 34

relaxation

Question 35

120/80, which of these two numbers is related to systole contraction in blood pressure

Answer 35

120 | 80 is the blood pressure measurement of diastole

Question 36

How does the delivery of nutrients and oxygen goes?

Answer 36

the blood is moved through the capillaries

Question 37

Does the blood go slow or fast in the capillaries?

Answer 37

The blood circulates at a very slow rate to maximize tthe substance exchange.

Question 38

Which between the veins and arteries have the highest blood pressure?

Answer 38

The blood pressure is higher in the arteries than in the veins since it's concentration in oxygen is high.

Question 39

In order, what are the names of the blood vessels from arteries to veins.

Answer 39

large arteries - small arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins