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MEDI 202 - Genes To Community > Transport Mechanisms Across Membranes > Flashcards

Transport Mechanisms Across Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of membrane proteins?

A

Integral and Peripheral

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2
Q

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

A

Transport, enzymatic activity, receptors for signal transduction, intracellular adhesion, cell-cell recognition, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.

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3
Q

What are the transport techniques?

A

Passive transport, Active transport, Vesicular (Bulk) Transport

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4
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Substances diffusing directly through lipid bilayer or diffuse through channel proteins.

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5
Q

What substances are transported through simple diffusion?

A

Lipid-soluble substances and ions

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6
Q

What are the factors affecting simple diffusion?

A

Concentration and electrical gradient
Surface area
Membrane thickness
Mass of diffusing molecule
Temperature

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7
Q

Why can’t ions pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Because they are charged so they need ion channels

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8
Q

What are ion channels?

A

Transmembrane proteins that transport inorganic ions

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9
Q

What are two properties ion channels have?

A

Selectivity, only allowing certain ions.
Gating, ion channels open and close in response to a stimulus.

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10
Q

What are some examples of ion channels?

A

Na+ channel
K+ channel
Ca2+ channel
Cl- channel

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11
Q

What are the five types of gating?

A

Leak (non-gated) channels
Ligand-gated channels
Mechanically-gated channels
Voltage-gated channels
Temperature-gated channels

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12
Q

What do ligand-gated channels operate in a response to?

A

Extracellular mediators
Intracellular editors

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13
Q

What do mechanically-gated channels respond to?

A

Mechanical vibrations and pressure

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14
Q

What do voltage-gated channels respond to?

A

Direct change in the membrane potential

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15
Q

What is the function of voltage-gated channels?

A

Responsible for generation of action potential

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16
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Net diffusion if water across a selectively permeable membrane

17
Q

How can water cross the plasma membrane?

A

Directly through the phospholipid bilayer,
Through H2O channels, called aquaporins

18
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The measure of solute concentration per unit of volume or mass of solvent

19
Q

What is tonicity?

A

The measure of osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions

20
Q

What does tonicity take into account?

A

Cell membrane permeability
Relative concentrations

21
Q

How does osmolarity increase?

A

By decreasing water or increasing solute

22
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Transport of larger molecules, requires carrier protein.

23
Q

What characteristics does the carrier-mediated transport share?

A

Specificity,
Competition,
Saturation.

24
Q

What is the transport maximum?

A

The number of carriers available in the plasma.

25
Q

What is filtration?

A

The passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure.

26
Q

How do substances move during filtration?

A

From higher pressure area to lower pressure area.

27
Q

What is active membrane transport?

A

Requires carrier proteins and ATP to move solutes across a membrane.

28
Q

How does primary active transport use ATP?

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

29
Q

How does secondary active transport use ATP?

A

Exchange pump, not directly

30
Q

What determines if it is secondary or primary active transport?

A

If Na+ is moving to outside then it is primary, also direct or indirect use of ATP.

31
Q

What is bulk transport?

A

Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membrane.

32
Q

What are the types of bulk transport?

A

Phagocytosis,
Endocytosis,
Exocytosis.

33
Q

Which bulk transport method is non-specific?

A

Pinocytosis (endocytosis)

34
Q

What is manitol?

A

A carbohydrate that draws water from the cell.

MEDI 202 - Genes To Community (23 decks)

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