Psychosocial Development

Question 1

What is growth?

Answer 1

Quantitative, increase in size and number

Question 2

What is development?

Answer 2

Qualitative, improvement in abilities and skills

Question 3

What are the five dimensions of development?

Answer 3

Physical
Emotional
Cognitive
Social
Spiritual

Question 4

What are the main characteristics of development?

Answer 4

Multidimensional
Multidirectional
Continuous
Cumulative
Consecutive
Contextual
Changeable

Question 5

What are some examples of gaps caused by non-sufficient development?

Answer 5

Turner Syndrome
Progeria Syndrome
Intellectual Disability

Question 6

What are the periods of development and growth?

Answer 6

Prenatal period
Infancy ad toddlerhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood

Question 7

What is abnormal behavior?

Answer 7

Non-typical
Socially unacceptable
Distressing to person who exhibits it or to the people around them

Question 8

What affects development?

Answer 8

Nature/Nurture
Continuity/Stages
Stability/ Change

Question 9

What does Freud’s theory highlight?

Answer 9

A child’s personality is formed by the ways in which his parents managed its sexual and aggressive drives

Question 10

What are the five stages in Freud’s theory?

Answer 10

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 11

What is highlighted in Erikson’s theory?

Answer 11

Development is lifelong, social stages are the primary motivation for human behaviour

Question 12

What did Bandura’s theory establish?

Answer 12

Learning results from others around your environment

Question 13

What was Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 13

Heredity and innate biological process governs growth.

Question 14

What are the stages of attachment?

Answer 14

Pre-attachment: no particular attachment to anyone
Indiscriminate: infant begins to show preference for the primary caregiver
Discriminate: infant shows a strong attachment to one specific caregiver
Multiple: growing bonds with others

Question 15

What are the long term consequences of maternal deprivation according to Bowlby?

Answer 15

Delinquency,
Reduced intelligence,
Increased aggression,
Depression

Question 16

What is an example of theories of object relation?

Answer 16

Separation and invidualation and rapprochement crisis (Mahler)

Question 17

What does Mahler’s theory establish?

Answer 17

Babies and toddlers go through different stages of understanding the world and those around them.

Question 18

What is an example of cognitive theory?

Answer 18

Piaget

Question 19

What does Piaget’s theory establish?

Answer 19

Children go through multiple stages of learning which have related developmental phenomena.

Question 20

What are the stages mentioned at Piaget’s theory?

Answer 20

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 21

What is Bronfenbrenner’s theory?

Answer 21

Development cannot be explained by a single concept but rather by a complex system.
Development in terms of relationships between people and their environment.

Question 22

What is the microsystem?

Answer 22

Immediate surroundings

Question 23

What is the mesosytem?

Answer 23

Relationships among the entities involved in the child’s microsystem

Question 24

What is the exosystem?

Answer 24

Relations that the family involved in such as workplace

Question 25

What us the macrosystem?

Answer 25

Broader cultural values, laws and governmental resources

Question 26

What is the chronosystem?

Answer 26

Changes that occur during a child’s life, both personally (birth of a sibling), or culturally (wars).