Psychosocial Development Flashcards
What is growth?
Quantitative, increase in size and number
What is development?
Qualitative, improvement in abilities and skills
What are the five dimensions of development?
Physical
Emotional
Cognitive
Social
Spiritual
What are the main characteristics of development?
Multidimensional
Multidirectional
Continuous
Cumulative
Consecutive
Contextual
Changeable
What are some examples of gaps caused by non-sufficient development?
Turner Syndrome
Progeria Syndrome
Intellectual Disability
What are the periods of development and growth?
Prenatal period
Infancy ad toddlerhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
What is abnormal behavior?
Non-typical
Socially unacceptable
Distressing to person who exhibits it or to the people around them
What affects development?
Nature/Nurture
Continuity/Stages
Stability/ Change
What does Freud’s theory highlight?
A child’s personality is formed by the ways in which his parents managed its sexual and aggressive drives
What are the five stages in Freud’s theory?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What is highlighted in Erikson’s theory?
Development is lifelong, social stages are the primary motivation for human behaviour
What did Bandura’s theory establish?
Learning results from others around your environment
What was Bowlby’s theory?
Heredity and innate biological process governs growth.
What are the stages of attachment?
Pre-attachment: no particular attachment to anyone
Indiscriminate: infant begins to show preference for the primary caregiver
Discriminate: infant shows a strong attachment to one specific caregiver
Multiple: growing bonds with others
What are the long term consequences of maternal deprivation according to Bowlby?
Delinquency,
Reduced intelligence,
Increased aggression,
Depression
What is an example of theories of object relation?
Separation and invidualation and rapprochement crisis (Mahler)
What does Mahler’s theory establish?
Babies and toddlers go through different stages of understanding the world and those around them.
What is an example of cognitive theory?
Piaget
What does Piaget’s theory establish?
Children go through multiple stages of learning which have related developmental phenomena.
What are the stages mentioned at Piaget’s theory?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
What is Bronfenbrenner’s theory?
Development cannot be explained by a single concept but rather by a complex system.
Development in terms of relationships between people and their environment.
What is the microsystem?
Immediate surroundings
What is the mesosytem?
Relationships among the entities involved in the child’s microsystem
What is the exosystem?
Relations that the family involved in such as workplace
What us the macrosystem?
Broader cultural values, laws and governmental resources
What is the chronosystem?
Changes that occur during a child’s life, both personally (birth of a sibling), or culturally (wars).
