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A Level Biology > Transport in Plants > Flashcards

Transport in Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

why is water important for plants (4)

A

turgor pressure
cools the plant
photosynthesis
transport minerals and assimilartities

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2
Q

name the specific palnt to know to descivre vascular systems in plants

A

dicotyledonous plant

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3
Q

what are main features of dicotyledonous plant

A

embroyonic leaf in seed bearing plants

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4
Q

why are plant transport systems important

A

To take substances from & retuen waste to enviornment

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5
Q

which vascular vessel is used in transpiration

A

xylem

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6
Q

which vascular vessel is used in trasnlocation

A

phloem

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7
Q

name cell types forund in plant stem (3)

A

epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma

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8
Q

name types of cells found in roots(4)

A

endodermic, vascular bundle, medulla, epidermis

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9
Q

name cells found in leaves (2)

A

palisade mesophyll cells, vascular bundle

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10
Q

what is the bulge in leaf crosssection

A

midrib of leaf

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11
Q

endodermis defintiion (2)

A

a layer of cells surrounding the vascular bundle in the root of the plant(1), helping in water movement in the Casparian strip (2)

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12
Q

parenchyma definition

A

a packing tissue in plants which fills spaces between other tissues

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13
Q

collenchyma definition (3)

A

cells with thick cellulose walls (1) strengthens vascular bundles & outer parts of stems (2) whilst allowing some flexibility(3)

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14
Q

sclerenchyma definition

A

plant cells that have lignified walls (1) used to strengthen stems & midribs(2) solid & non living cells (3)

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15
Q

How are xylem vessels formed (2)

A

lignin fills cell wall - waterproof & kills the cell (1)

end walls & contents decay (2)

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16
Q

give 3 functions of lignin

A

kills xylem cells(1)
strengthens vessel walls to prevent collapse of stem(2)
waterproof xylem (3)

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17
Q

what three patterns can lignin thicken around xylem

A

reticulate, rings, annular

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18
Q

Features of xylem vessel (4)

A

continuosus narrow column (1)
bordered pits in cell wall (2)
lignified cells (3)
no cytoplasm or nucleas; dead cells (4)

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19
Q

why are bordered pits present in xylem vessels

A

gaps in cell wall where lignification isn’t complete (1) lets water pass sideways to adjacent vessels/tissues (2) as lignin is water proof(3)

20
Q

why is lignin laid down in reticulate, rings, annular

A

allows xylem to stretch as plant grows = bend due to fleivibility

21
Q

what is carried in phloem

A

assimilates

22
Q

what are in assimilates

A

sucrose & amino acids

23
Q

phloem defintiion

A

vascular vessel that transports assimilaties up and down the plant in translocation

24
Q

which vascular vessel goes up and down the plant

A

phloem

25
Q

name 2 features of phloem

A

sieve tube elements & companion cells

26
Q

what are the cells which provide metabolic activity to phhloem

A

companion cells

27
Q

what are companion cells

A

small cells with nucleus & many mitochondria (1) carry out metabolic activities for phloem (2) and loads assimilates into phloem (3)

28
Q

what are sieve tube elements

A

cells which make up phloem vessel

29
Q

sieve tube features (3)

A

end to end alignment (1) no nucleus & little cytoplasm(2) contains sieve plates (3)

30
Q

what are sieve plates

A

perforates sieve tube elements end wall (1) allows sap movement & keeps lumen open (2)

31
Q

why are sieve plates in phloem, why not just hollow

A

Sieve plates are sites of callose deposition (1) after plant is injured or infected (2)

32
Q

which vascular vessel is lignified

A

xylem

33
Q

what is plasmodesmata

A

cytoplasmic connections between adjacent plant cells passing through pits in cell wall

34
Q

give an example of when sucrose can be trasnported upwards by plant (2)

A

In spring, the roots act as a source; this pushes the sucrose solution away from the root.(3)

35
Q

give an example of when sucrose can be trasnported down by plant (2)

A

In summer, the leaves are making sugars and become the source for that sieve tube.

36
Q

why woudl roots of xerophytes be adapted to be long

A

to reach water deep in soil;

37
Q

why woudl roots of xerophytes be adapted to be widespread

A

to absorb water from a

large area when it does rain

38
Q

why can’t many plants survive arid conditions (3)

A

They lose water through transpiration. (1) If water is not available from soil, the cells will become flaccid, (2) and the
plant will wilt and die. (3)

39
Q

why is rolled leaf/pits/hairs an adaptation for xerophytes

A
  • lower water potential gradient

- water must diffuse a greater distance from the leaf

40
Q

why do some plants die if completely submerged in water (3)

A

Roots gain oxygen from air spaces in soil (1) water logged soil has no air (2) Roots cannot gain oxygen and respiration
fails to produce enough energy. (3)

41
Q

explain why leaves in water can’t transpire (2)

A

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves. (1)
If the leaves are submerged, the water vapour in the
leaves cannot move out by diffusion (2)

42
Q

xerophytes adaptations in leaf advantages (3)

A

curled leaf/ hairs
spines instead of leaves
thick waxy cuticle
stoma is in sunken pits

43
Q

how does waxy cuticle reduce water loss from leaves (2)

A

it acts as a barrier to evaporation a(1)nd also the shiny surface reflects heat and so lowers temperature.(2)

44
Q

how do assimilarties diffuse from companion cells to sieve tubes

A

by plasmodesmata

45
Q

transpiration definition

A

evaporation of water vapour from aerials parts of plant via stomata

46
Q

what are the three types of pathways of water transfer

A

symplast, apoplast, vacuolar

47
Q

name a feature about trasnpiration stream

A

its continous

A Level Biology (12 decks)

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