Transmissions Flashcards
Rabies transmission
saliva or neural tissue
bite
wounds or mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth, or organ transplant
oral exposure
inhalation (droplets)
ocular (corneal transplant)
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus transmission
cut/abrasion or vector:
black flies (Simuliidae spp.)
midges (Culicoides spp.)
mosquitos (Culex nigripalpus)
houseflies (Musca domestica)
sand flies (Lutzomyia spp)
Rift Valley Fever Virus transmission
Culex or Aedes mosquitos (transovarially transmission to eggs)
direct contact with tissue/bodily fluids
aerosols
Heartland Badnavirus transmission
lone star tick - Amblyomma Americanum
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus transmission
Ixodid tick - Hyalomma (transovarial/transstadial transmission to offspring)
direct contact with infected animals
human-human contact - nosocomial
iatrogenic (needles/instruments)
Akabane Virus transmission
Culex and Aedes mosquitos in Japan
Culicoides in Australia
Cache Valley Fever virus transmission
Anopheline, Culiseta, Aedes mosquitos
Hantavirus transmission
inhalation or direct contact of rodent excretions (saliva, urine, feces)
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus transmission
verticle
infectious urine, saliva, feces
Avian Influenza (A) transmission
ingestion
inhalation
fomites
human-tracking
Equine Influenza (A) transmission
inhalation
fomites
hands, clothing, instruments
Canine Influenza (A) transmission
inhalation
fomites
Canine Distemper Virus transmission
ingestion
inhalation
fomites
human-tracking
transplacental
Rinderpest Virus transmission
direct contact
inhalation
fomites
carcasses
Peste de Petits Ruminants Virus transmission
close contact
inhalation
fomites
Avian Paramyxovirus 1 transmission
inhalation
ingestion
fomites
human tracking
human infection w/ contact with dead carcasses or lab acquired
Hendra virus transmission
inhalation, ingestion, or carcasses with bat saliva, urine, feces, placental, fetal fluid
Nipah virus transmission
inhalation, ingestion or carcasses with bat saliva, urine, blood
human-human
also shed in swine resp secretions
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus transmission
inhalation
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 transmission
inhalation
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever transmission
direct contact
fomites
aersols?
human-human contact
Avian Bornavirus - Proventricular Dilation Disease transmission and shed
aersols?
shed in feces, urates, nasal passages
Foot and Mouth Disease Virus transmission
nose-nose
inhalation
fomites
people
vehicles
meat
hides
airborne (wind/smoke)
FMD shed
urine, feces, milk, meat, semen, embryos
Swine Vesicular Disease Virus transmission
fecal-oral
meat
Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus transmission
shed in feces thus fecal-oral
transovarial
fomites
Feline Calcivirus transmission
nose-nose
inhalation
fomites (cages, dishes, surgical instruments)
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus transmission
ingestion of infected carcass or uncooked contaminated meat
contact with infected swine or premises
fomites
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Fever Virus “European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus” transmission
fecal-oral
inhalation
conjunctiva
arthropods
meat
fomites
Norwalk-like disease virus transmission
fecal contaminated food/water
West Nile Virus transmission
Culex mosquito
Japanese Encephalitis Virus transmission
Culex & Aedes mosquito
Yellow Fever Virus transmission
mosquitos
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus transmission
direct via nasal secretion, saliva, milk, blood
mechanical
iatrogenic
fomites
in-utero
fecal-oral
Classical Swine Fever Virus transmission
oronasal/ocular secretions
urine
feces
blood
semen
fomites
uncooked swill
Border’s Disease Virus transmission
secretions
in-utero
Equine Arteritis Virus transmission
aerosols
direct contact with urine, resp secretions, blood, aborted fetal tissues
venereal (cover and AI)
in-utero
fomites
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus transmission
direct w/ body secretions and fluids
in-utero
aerosols
fomites
vertical transmission viruses
mosquitos of Rift Valley Fever Virus
ticks of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
canine distemper virus
avian encephalomyelitis virus
bovine viral diarrhea virus
border’s disease virus
equine arteritis virus
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission
Culex melanura (bird-bird)
Aedes, Culex, Coquillettidia mosquitoes (bride vector)
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission
Culex tarsalis (bird-bird)
various Aedes species (bridge)
Venezualen Equine Encephalitis Virus transmission
Culex mosquitos
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus transmission
resp secretions
fecal-oral
