Paramyxoviridae Flashcards
Paramyxoviridae
enveloped or non-enveloped
DNA or RNA
structure/genome
diagnostic considerations
enveloped
-ssRNA
glycoprotein spikes on the envelope comprised of HN+F
nucleocapsid (RNA + nucleoprotein) “N”, phosphoprotein “P”, matrix protein “M”, fusion protein “F”, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase “HN”, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase “L”
replicates in the cytoplasm, has intracytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions, exit by cell lysis
Morbillivirus - Canine Distemper Virus
host?
reservoir hosts?
transmission?
shed?
disease
host: wide host range
reservoirs: feral, wild canines
transmission: ingestion/fecal-oral, inhalation, fomites, human tracking, vertical (transplacental)
shed: aerosolized, oral secretion, ocular discharge, urine, feces
disease:
acute - resp & GI
subacute - neuro
chronic - old dog encephalitis, hard-pad disease
-enamel hypoplasia in dogs infected prior to 6 mo of age
where does canine distemper virus replicate
lymphoid tissues/tonsils, then primary viremia allows it to replicate in lymphocytes and macrophages/monocytes, –> secondary viremia (other organs) –> cross placenta and infect fetus
prevention for canine distemper virus
MLV vx in dogs/puppies
inactivated/recombinant vx other species
isolation
separation of air space between isolation/common areas
quarantine
sanitation/disinfection
Phocine Distemper
host
disease
seals
similar to canine distemper
Cetacean Morbillivirus
host
dolphins, porpoise, marine mammals
Rinderpest
host
reservoir
transmission
shed
disease
host: cattle, yak, water buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, warthogs, wildebeest, giraffes, antelope, hippopotami
reservoir: wild ruminants
transmission: direct contact, inhalation, aerosol, fomites, carcasses
shed: aerosolized, oral, ocular discharge, feces
disease: cattle plague
rinderpest pathogenesis
entry via nares, conjunctiva or oral cavity
tropism for lymphocytes, macrophages, DC, endothelial cells
replicates in lymphoid tissues/tonsils
primary viremia –> lymphoid tissue and mucosal epithelial cells
necrosis/inflammation of epithelium of GI, diarrhea, dehydration, shock
immunosuppression
what vaccine was used for eradication of rinderpest
attenuated live viral vx
Peste des petis ruminants (PPR)
host?
disease?
transmission?
shed?
pathogenesis?
host: sheep, goats
disease: similar to rinderpest
transmission: close contact, inhalation, fomites
shed: aerosolized, oral, ocular discharge, feces
pathogenesis: higher fatalities in goats
Avulavirus - Newcastle Disease Virus/Avian Paramyxovirus-1
host?
reservoir host?
transmission?
shed?
disease?
zoonotic?
reportable?
host: poultry, psitticines, domestic/free-range avian species, migrating waterfowl
reservoir host: waterfowl
transmission: ingestion/fecal-oral, inhalation, fomites, human tracking
shed: feces, oral, resp secretion
disease: Newcastle Disease
zoonotic - contact w/ dead carcass or lab = conjunctivitis
reportable
what are the various types of Newcastle Disease
Viscerotropic velogenic - intestinal, high mortality
Neurotropic velogenic - resp/neuro, high mortality
Mesogenic - resp, low mortality
Lentogenic - resp, mild-subclinical
Avirulent - subclinical enteric infection
prevention of Newcastle Disease
MLV (lentogenic)
inactivated vx
biosecurity
eradication
Avulavirus - Avian Paramyxoviruses 2-10
host:
shed:
disease:
host: psittacines, passerines, turkeys, pigeons, waterfowl
shed: feces, oral, resp secretions
disease: subclinical resp infection
Henipaviruses - Hendravirus
host:
reservoir host:
transmission:
shed:
disease:
tropism for _____
host: humans, horse, cat, guinea pig
reservoir host: pteropodid fruit bat (flying fox)
transmission: inhalation, ingestion, infected carcass
shed: saliva, urine (high), feces, placenta, fetal fluids of bats
disease in horses: acute resp disease, neuro, vasculitis
tropism for endothelial cells
