Picornaviridae & Calciviridae Flashcards
Picornaviridae
enveloped or non-enveloped
RNA or DNA
pathogens of _______
____ ORF encoded
____ polyadenylated tail
non-enveloped
+ssRNA linear
pathogens of cattle, swine, poultry, horses
1 ORF encoded
3’ polyadenylated tail
replication of Picornaviridae
RAPID REPLICATION
cytocidal (cell lysis)
RNA lacks proofreading = high mutation rate = many variants
transmission of Picornavidiae
airbone, fomites, infected meat
Pathogenesis of Picornaviridae
durable in environment
mutation rate = many variants
high # produced and shed
cell lysis due to replication = tissue damage
Aphthovirus - Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
host:
reservoir hosts:
transmission:
shed:
pathogenesis:
disease:
host: cloven-hoofed species
reservoir hosts: wildlife - african cape buffalo
transmission: nose-nose, inhalation, fomites, people, vehicles, meat, hides, air-borne by wind/smoke
shed: urine, feces, milk, meat, semen, embryos; prolonged, durable
pathogenesis: targets epithelial cells
disease: vesicular disease usually buccal mucosa/tongue, profuse drooling, lip-smacking
Foot and Mouth Disease Virus prevention/control
-impact on productivity is primary motivation for FMD control
- surveillance
- eradication
- quaratine/test imported animals
- vx (serotype specific, 7 types)
etiologic agents of FMD
A,O,C,SAT1-3, ASIA 1
highly contagious FMD in cattle? sheep?
cattle 25 TCID50
sheep 10 TCID50
Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
related to ______
host:
transmission:
shed:
disease:
economic impact
zoonotic?
related to human FMD (coxsackievirus B5)
host: domestic swine
transmission: fecal-oral, stable in pork products
shed: feces, durable
disease: vesicles on coronary bands, lips, snout, tongue, encephalomyeleitis
production losses
zoonotic
Equine Rhinitis A Virus & Equine Rhinitis B Virus
host:
shed:
disease:
host: both affect horses
ERA only affects alpacas & llamas
shed: high prevalence
disease: upper resp infection in horses
alpacas/llamas - abortion, diabetes
Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus
host:
transmission:
shed:
disease:
host: chicken, turkeys, quail, pheasants (young more susceptible)
transmission: fecal oral, transovarial/vertical, fomites
shed: feces, durable
disease: neurologic signs in young, inapparent in adults
Calciviridae
enveloped or non-enveloped
RNA or DNA
shape
pathogens of _____
shed
pathogenesis
non-enveloped
+ssRNA
“chalice-like” due to capsomers
pathogens of cats, swine, marine mammals, rabbits
large #, prolonged
high mutation rate, durable
Feline Calcivirus
host:
transmission:
shed:
disease:
host: feline
transmission: nose-nose, inhalation, fomites, cages, dishes, surgical instruments
shed: large # in oral/resp secretion
disease:
FCV: URT dz - profuse nasal discharge, Ulcerative glossitis (vesicles/ulcers on tongue), arthritis
VFCV: infection of endothelial cells leads to hemorrhage and edema
why is a ML vx not a good source of immunity for FCV
ML vx has 1 FCV thus won’t give protective immunity against all FCVs - highly mutable/many variants
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
host:
transmission:
shed:
disease:
host: swine
transmission: ingestion of infected carcass or uncooked feed containing contaminated meat, contact with infected swine, premises or fomites
shed: vesicular fluid, feces
disease: vesicular lesions on snout, oral, tongue, coronary band, interdigital cleft
