Transmission Of Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacterium is Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Loosely coiled spirochete

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2
Q

What is the zoonotic infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Lyme disease

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3
Q

What is the natural host for Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Mammals

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4
Q

What is the first stage of Lyme disease characterized by?

A

Expanding ring shaped skin lesion after bite

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5
Q

What tick is primarily responsible for transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Ixodes

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6
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Transfer between related individuals; parent to offspring

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7
Q

List examples of pathogens that can cause congenital infections.

A
  • Treponema pallidum (congenital syphilis)
  • Listeria monocytogenes (miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or infection in newborns)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (neonatal conjunctivitis)
  • Group B Streptococcus (neonatal meningitis and sepsis)
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8
Q

What is horizontal transmission?

A

Transfer from one individual to another unrelated individual

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

What are common routes of horizontal transmission?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Skin to skin
  • Sexually transmitted
  • Faecal – oral
  • Respiratory secretions or saliva
  • Blood
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11
Q

What factors affect respiratory transmission?

A
  • Overcrowding
  • Air conditioning
  • Lack of ventilation
  • Season of the year
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12
Q

What disease is caused by Bordetella pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

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13
Q

True or False: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic bacterium.

A

True

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14
Q

What are the virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A
  • Thick cell wall (extra layer of mycolic acids)
  • Cord factor (protects from macrophage killing)
  • Sulfolipids (prevents phagosome-phagolysosome fusion)
  • Antigen sequestration (limits antigen presentation)
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15
Q

What is the size range of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

0.2 - 0.5 μm x 2 - 4 μm

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16
Q

What type of vectors spread zoonotic infections?

A

Biological vectors and mechanical vectors

17
Q

Which bacterium is associated with anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

18
Q

What is a key characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen

19
Q

What is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide?

A

Trachoma

20
Q

What is the role of vectors in zoonotic infections?

A

Vectors transmit pathogens from animals to humans

21
Q

What is the significance of the year 2017 regarding tuberculosis?

A

1.6 million deaths, leading killer of AIDS patients