Fungi

Question 1

What are fungi important for in the environment?

Answer 1

Important decomposers and cause disease in plants, animals, and humans

Question 2

What are the two main types of fungal cells based on their structure?

Answer 2

Aseptate - do not have septa and have many nuclei per cell.

Septate - is divided up by septa which have single or multiple pores.

Question 3

How do hyphae grow?

Answer 3

By hyphal extension only at the extreme tips (apical growth)

They also form branches this forms a mycelium (mycelial mat) which spreads radially

Question 4

What are the three nutritional strategies of fungi?

Answer 4

• Saprotrophy
• Parasitism
• Symbiosis

Question 5

What is mycology?

Answer 5

The scientific discipline devoted to fungi

Question 6

What is a mycosis?

Answer 6

The diseases caused by fungi in animals and humans

Question 7

Fungi primarily grow in which types of environments?

Answer 7

Moist, dark areas

Question 8

What type of nutrition do fungi exhibit?

Answer 8

Absorptive nutrition

Question 9

What are the four zones of hyphal growth?

Answer 9

• Apical growth zone
• Absorption zone
• Storage zone
• Senescence zone

Question 10

What is the primary method of asexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 10

Spore formation

Question 11

True or False: Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are the three types of asexual spores mentioned?

Answer 12

• Sporangiospores - spores develop within a sac.
• Condiospores - The spores are not enclosed within a sac: but produced at the tips.
• Blastospores - Produced from a vegetative mother cell by budding.

Question 13

What is SAPROTROPHY in fungi?

Answer 13

Utilisation of dead plant, animal, or microbial remains

Question 14

What is the role of hydrolytic enzymes in fungi?

Answer 14

Digest external substrates

Question 15

What is the primary source of carbon for fungi?

Answer 15

Organic compounds

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Fungi lack _______ and are eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 16

chlorophyll

Question 17

What are the main elements fungi utilize for nutrition?

Answer 17

• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Sulphur

Question 18

What are the beneficial effects of fungi?

Answer 18

• Degradation of organic material
• Fermented foods and drink
• Antibiotic production
• Pharmaceutical production

Question 19

What are hallucinogenic properties associated with?

Answer 19

Certain fungal toxins

Question 20

What type of fungi primarily cause mycoses?

Answer 20

Fungi that grow on or in the body

Question 21

What is the significance of sexual spores in fungi?

Answer 21

More resistant to desiccation

Question 22

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in fungal cells?

Answer 22

Secretory and export system of proteins

Question 23

What is the typical structure of a fungal cell wall?

Answer 23

Plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles

Question 24

What is the economic impact of fungi?

Answer 24

Destroy human food supply causing starvation

Question 25

What are the fungal cell structures

Answer 25

oCell Envelope: plasma membrane, which acts as a SPM
oNucleus: Relatively small
oMitochondria: site of respiratory mechanism
oEndoplasmic Reticulum: ribosomes site for protein synthesis
oGolgi apparatus and vesicles: secretory and export system of proteins
oVacuoles: intracellular reservoir
oPeroxisome: oxidative utilisation of carbon and nitrogen sources

Question 26

What are three different structures of fungi

Answer 26

Yeasts- microscopic
Moulds-macroscopic
Vegetative body – thallus

Question 27

What are three different structures of fungi

Answer 27

Yeasts- microscopic
Moulds-macroscopic
Vegetative body – thallus

Question 28

Where are carbon nutrition sources found?

Answer 28

Carbon is found in the form of structural material, such as cellulose, lignin, chitin and keratin

Question 29

How do fungi get their nutrition from nitrogen?

Answer 29

Nitrogen nutrition: fungi are able to utilise a variety of nitrogen compounds preferentially amino acids followed by ammonium

Question 30

Name a method of sexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 30

The fusion of two nuclei-meiosis.

Produces new progeny with a combination of genes from different parent nuclei.

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of fungi

Answer 31

Food Spoilage
Plant Disease
Human and animal disease