Spread And Growth Flashcards
What is the primary pathogen responsible for gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What are the common presentations of gonorrhoea in males?
Acute urethritis, dysuria, purulent discharge
What are the common presentations of gonorrhoea in females?
Endocervical infection, vaginal discharge, sometimes dysuria
What complications can arise from untreated gonorrhoea in females?
Pelvic inflammatory disease, sterility
What is the role of adhesion proteins in pathogenicity?
Attachment to host tissues
What is a key feature of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that allows it to cause infection?
Virulence factors:
- Porin
- IgA proteases
- OPA proteins
- Pili
- LPS and peptidoglycan
What are the portals of entry for pathogens?
Skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract
Fill in the blank: The main agent in dental caries is _______.
Streptococcus mutans
What is glucan in relation to Streptococcus mutans?
Metabolises dietary sugars to form Insoluble polymers of glucose (Glycocalyx)
What structure extends from the surface of the bacterial cell and helps in adhesion?
Glycocalyx
Which protein receptor does Neisseria gonorrhoeae use to attach to uroepithelial cells?
Opa
What mechanism does Helicobacter pylori use to survive in the stomach?
Neutralises acid using urease
What is the primary defence mechanism of the urinary tract against infections?
Flushing of urine
True or False: Staphylococcus aureus modifies muramic acid in its peptidoglycan layer to evade lysozyme.
True
What is the function of the glycalyx in bacteria?
Attachment to surfaces, protection from the immune system, nutrient store
What is a common method for diagnosing Cryptococcus capsule?
India ink staining
Which bacterium uses pili to adhere to the bladder mucosal cells?
Escherichia coli
What is the mechanism of intracellular replication?
Microorganisms enter susceptible cells and multiply
What type of infection does Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically cause?
Disseminated tuberculosis
Fill in the blank: The main defence mechanism of the skin is _______.
Antibacterial fatty acids
What is the role of Tamm-Horsfell protein in the urinary tract?
Prevents bacterial colonization
What type of bacteria are primarily associated with systemic infections?
Gram-negative bacteria
What is the role of pili in bacterial infections?
Adhesion to host tissues
In Escherichia coli where is the site of attachment and what infection does it cause?
Microvilli of small intestine epithelia
Gastrointestinal infection
In Salmonella Typhi where is the site of attachment and what infection does it cause?
Small intestine epithelia
Typhoid
In Bordetella pertussis where is the site of attachment and what infection does it cause?
Ciliated cells of the airway
Whooping cough
In Vibrio cholerae where is the site of attachment and what infection does it cause?
Tcp
Intestinal epithelium / intestine - cholera
In Neisseria gonorrhoeae where is the site of attachment and what disease does it cause?
Urogenital epithelia
Gonorrhoea
Name and describe the two types of replication
Extracellular replication
Microorganisms multiply on the cell surface at the site of attachment
Intracellular replication
Microorganisms enter into the susceptible cell and multiply intracellularly
