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Microbiology > Spread And Growth > Flashcards

Spread And Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the primary pathogen responsible for gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

What percentage of gonorrhoea infections can lead to disseminated disease?

A

0.5-3%

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3
Q

What are the common presentations of gonorrhoea in males?

A

Acute urethritis, dysuria, purulent discharge

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4
Q

What are the common presentations of gonorrhoea in females?

A

Endocervical infection, vaginal discharge, sometimes dysuria

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5
Q

What complications can arise from untreated gonorrhoea in females?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease, sterility

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6
Q

What is the role of adhesion proteins in pathogenicity?

A

Attachment to host tissues

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7
Q

What is a key feature of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that allows it to cause infection?

A

Number of virulence factors

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8
Q

What are the portals of entry for pathogens?

A

Skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The main agent in dental caries is _______.

A

Streptococcus mutans

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10
Q

What is glucan in relation to Streptococcus mutans?

A

Insoluble polymers of glucose

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11
Q

What structure extends from the surface of the bacterial cell and helps in adhesion?

A

Glycocalyx

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12
Q

Which protein receptor does Neisseria gonorrhoeae use to attach to uroepithelial cells?

A

Opa

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13
Q

What mechanism does Helicobacter pylori use to survive in the stomach?

A

Neutralises acid using urease

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14
Q

What is the primary defence mechanism of the urinary tract against infections?

A

Flushing of urine

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15
Q

True or False: Staphylococcus aureus modifies muramic acid in its peptidoglycan layer to evade lysozyme.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the function of the glycalyx in bacteria?

A

Attachment to surfaces, protection from the immune system, nutrient store

17
Q

What is a common method for diagnosing Cryptococcus capsule?

A

India ink staining

18
Q

Which bacterium uses pili to adhere to the bladder mucosal cells?

A

Escherichia coli

19
Q

What is the mechanism of intracellular replication?

A

Microorganisms enter susceptible cells and multiply

20
Q

What type of infection does Mycobacterium tuberculosis typically cause?

A

Disseminated tuberculosis

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The main defence mechanism of the skin is _______.

A

Antibacterial fatty acids

22
Q

What is the role of Tamm-Horsfell protein in the urinary tract?

A

Prevents bacterial colonization

23
Q

What type of bacteria are primarily associated with systemic infections?

A

Gram-negative bacteria

24
Q

What is the role of pili in bacterial infections?

A

Adhesion to host tissues

Microbiology (15 decks)

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