Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
What are the two main types of immunity?
Adaptive and Innate
What type of immunity is mediated by B-cells?
Humoral immunity
What type of immunity is mediated by T-cells?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is the function of T-helper cells?
Help regulate B- and T-cell activity
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
- Humoral immunity
- Cell-mediated immunity
Fill in the blank: Antibodies are expressed by _______ and plasma cells.
B cells
What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Activate T-cells by displaying foreign antigens
What are the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?
- MHC I
- MHC II
True or False: Innate immunity is specific.
False
What are the key cell types involved in humoral adaptive immunity?
- B-lymphocytes (B-cells)
- Antigen presenting cells
- T-lymphocytes (T-cells)
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
- Active immunity: production of antibodies in response to an antigen
- Passive immunity: introduction of antibodies from another source
What is the role of regulatory T cells?
Provide immune suppression and balance
Fill in the blank: The antigen recognition process involves _______ and _______.
T cell Receptor (TCR) and B cell Receptor (immunoglobulin)
What is the function of antibodies?
- Control and stop pathogens
- Assist the immune response
What do CD8+ T cells recognize?
Antigens presented on MHC I
What are the main classes of antibodies?
- IgG
- IgA
- IgM
- IgE
- IgD
What is the process called when macrophages and dendritic cells present antigens?
Antigen presentation
Fill in the blank: Memory T cells are formed during _______.
Clonal expansion
What is the function of the Fc region of an antibody?
Binds to various cellular receptors and complement proteins
True or False: Adaptive immunity is present at birth.
False
What are the key modes of action for regulatory T cells?
- Release inhibitory cytokines (e.g. IL-10)
- Induce active T cells to undergo apoptosis
What is the significance of the hinge region in antibodies?
Provides flexibility
What does the term ‘anamnestic’ refer to in the context of adaptive immunity?
Memory (ability to remember past infections)
What are the components of innate immunity?
- Physical barriers (e.g. skin)
- Chemical barriers (e.g. stomach acid)
- Phagocytes (e.g. neutrophils, macrophages)
Fill in the blank: The _______ pathway is a part of the classical complement pathway.
Complement
What are the three main molecules involved in recognition of foreign antigens by the adaptive immune system?
- T cell Receptor (TCR)
- B cell Receptor (immunoglobulin)
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC proteins)
What is the role of antibodies in opsonization?
Coat a pathogen and facilitate phagocytosis
What type of cells are involved in the activation and function of CD8+ T cells?
Antigen-presenting cells
