Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2 > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the basic requirements for translation

A

mRNA, charged tRNA, ribosomes, additional factor proteins, GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of tRNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does mRNA do

A

it has codon sequences that code for specific amino acids

carries gene information from DNA to ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does rRNA do

A

it is the major component with ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the small subunit and large subunit of a ribosome do

A

small subunit: attaches to mRNA

large subunit: binds the tRNA and catalyzes peptide bond formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does tRNA do

A

it carries the amino acid to the ribosome and pairs its anticodons with the codons on the mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two basic steps of translation?

A

tRNA charging, where the tRNA and its amino acid are correctly matched and catalyzed by an enzyme

A correct match between the tRNA codon and mRNA codon in the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the enzyme required to catalyze tRNA and its correct amino acid

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase do

A

they use ATP to covalently bond a specific amino acid to a tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two primary functions of a ribosome

A

bring together mRNA and tRNA

form peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what forms the peptide bonds in a ribosome

A

peptidyl transferase (enzyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 sites on ribosomes?

A

A, P, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the A( aminoacyl) site do

A

it holds tRNA with the next amino acid to be added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the P (Peptidyl) site do

A

it holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the E-site do?

A

It is the exit site where tRNAs leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what side of the poly peptide chain are the amino acids added?

A

the C terminus

17
Q

What is the first part of the initiation complex assembly

A
  1. a mRNA, a small ribosomal, initiation facots, and the “initiator tRNA charged with Methionine assemble first at the P site
18
Q

What is the second part of the initiation complex assembly

A

The complex scans the mRNA for the start codon (AUG)

19
Q

What is the third part of the initiation complex assembly

A

A large ribosomal subunit binds to complete the complex and translation begins

20
Q

how does termination occur in translation

A
  1. a stop codon in mRNA reaches the A site
  2. the A site accepts a protein “release factor”
  3. the “release factor” causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid
  4. this reaction releases the polypeptide and the translation assembly comes apart
21
Q

How does a cell expend energy to from an initiation complex?

A

it expends energy obtained by hydrolysis of a GTP molecule to form the complex

22
Q

Which direction is the polypeptide synthesized

A

it starts at the initial methionine at the N-terminus and towards the final C- Terminus Carboxyl end

23
Q

How is energy used in elongation?

A

The codon recognition of the anticodon and codons requires hydrolysis of one GTP

24
Q

What does GTP do in codon recognition?

A

it increases the accuracy and efficiency

25
Q

How is GTP used in the last step of elongation

A

it is hydrolyzed to provide energy for the translocation step, where the tRNA in the p-site is released through the E site

26
Q

When does termination begin

A

when the stop codon in the mRNA reaches the A site

27
Q

What happens when the stop codon is reached at the A site

A

a release factor protein binds to the stop codon and this causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid to the polypeptide chain

28
Q

The breakdown of the translation assembly requires what?

A

2 more GTP molecules

29
Q

What are polyribosomes

A

they are formed when multiple ribosomes translate a single mRNA simultaneously

30
Q

What do polyribosomes allow?

A

They allow a cell to make many copies of a polypeptide quickly

31
Q

In what types of cells do polyribosomes occur in?

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic Cells

32
Q

What is coupled transcription and translation and where does it occur?

A

it is when transcription and translation occurs simultaneously

it occurs only within prokaryotes

33
Q

How do proteins made by ribosomes on the rough ER get into the ER lumen

A
  1. the polypeptide synthesis begins in the ribosome
  2. an SRP binds to a signal peptide attached to the N-terminus of the polypeptide
  3. the SRP brings the ribosome to a receptor protein
  4. the SRP detaches and polypeptide synthesis resumes
  5. A signal Cleaving enzyme cuts off the signal peptide
  6. the completed polypeptide folds into its final conformation
34
Q

what happens at each addition

A
  1. codon recognition
  2. peptide bond formation
  3. translocation

Bio 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions