Module 1 Flashcards
What are the four emergent characteristics of water that form from H-bonds?
Cohesion/Adhesion, Moderation of Temperature (Large Heat Capacity) , Low Density of Ice, Versatility of Water as a solvent
What is Cohesion
Water molecules sticking together, resulting in surface tension
What is adhesion
water sticking to other polar substances (ex. glass)
What is large heat capacity
Water can absorb and retain heat without changing its temperature
meaning it can regulate environmental temperatures
Why does water have a lower density in its ice form?
When water freezes, the H-bond molecules stabilize and the water molecules are less densely packed
How is water a powerful solvent?
It has the ability to dissolve a great number of compounds
What are hydrophilic compounds?
Compounds that interact with water, are polar, form H-bonds, and dissolve in H20
what are hydrophobic compounds?
compounds that repel water, are nonpolar, do not form H-bonds, and do not dissolve in h2O
What makes a molecule nonpolar?
it has equal sharing of electrons, these are often hydrophobic
What makes a molecule polar?
unequal sharing of electrons that differ in Electronegativity (O-H, O-C, N-H)
why are functional groups important
they add chemical properties
What are isomers?
Compounds that have the same #s of atoms of the same elements but have different structures, therefore they have different properties
What are structural isomers
compounds that differ in covalent arrangements
Why are functional groups important
they are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
What are the seven functional groups
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, Methyl
Properties of Hydroxyl Group
-OH, polar, hydrophilic, forms H-bonds, found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Properties of Carbonyl Group
polar, hydrophilic, forms H-bonds, found in carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Properties of carboxyl
Acidic (donates a proton in aqueous solutions), exists both as a polar group or negatively charged when it loses it’s proton, hydrophilic
-forms H-bonds and ionic bonds
-found in proteins and lipids
Properties of amino group
-Basic (accepts a proton in aq solutions)
-Exists as a polar or a positive molecule when it accepts a proton
-Hydrophilic
-forms H-bonds and Ionic bonds
-Found in proteins and nucleic acids
Properties of phosphate
-it is acidic (can donate a proton)
-exists as polar or negatively charged molecule
-hydrophilic
-forms H-bonds and Ionic bonds
Properties of Sulfhydryl
polar or nonpolar, covalent bonds, found in proteins
Properties of Methyl
nonpolar, hydrophobic, forms hydrophobic interactions, found in proteins
