Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four emergent characteristics of water that form from H-bonds?

A

Cohesion/Adhesion, Moderation of Temperature (Large Heat Capacity) , Low Density of Ice, Versatility of Water as a solvent

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2
Q

What is Cohesion

A

Water molecules sticking together, resulting in surface tension

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3
Q

What is adhesion

A

water sticking to other polar substances (ex. glass)

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4
Q

What is large heat capacity

A

Water can absorb and retain heat without changing its temperature

meaning it can regulate environmental temperatures

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5
Q

Why does water have a lower density in its ice form?

A

When water freezes, the H-bond molecules stabilize and the water molecules are less densely packed

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6
Q

How is water a powerful solvent?

A

It has the ability to dissolve a great number of compounds

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7
Q

What are hydrophilic compounds?

A

Compounds that interact with water, are polar, form H-bonds, and dissolve in H20

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8
Q

what are hydrophobic compounds?

A

compounds that repel water, are nonpolar, do not form H-bonds, and do not dissolve in h2O

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9
Q

What makes a molecule nonpolar?

A

it has equal sharing of electrons, these are often hydrophobic

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10
Q

What makes a molecule polar?

A

unequal sharing of electrons that differ in Electronegativity (O-H, O-C, N-H)

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11
Q

why are functional groups important

A

they add chemical properties

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12
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds that have the same #s of atoms of the same elements but have different structures, therefore they have different properties

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13
Q

What are structural isomers

A

compounds that differ in covalent arrangements

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14
Q

Why are functional groups important

A

they are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

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15
Q

What are the seven functional groups

A

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, Methyl

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16
Q

Properties of Hydroxyl Group

A

-OH, polar, hydrophilic, forms H-bonds, found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

17
Q

Properties of Carbonyl Group

A

polar, hydrophilic, forms H-bonds, found in carbohydrates and nucleic acids

18
Q

Properties of carboxyl

A

Acidic (donates a proton in aqueous solutions), exists both as a polar group or negatively charged when it loses it’s proton, hydrophilic

-forms H-bonds and ionic bonds
-found in proteins and lipids

19
Q

Properties of amino group

A

-Basic (accepts a proton in aq solutions)
-Exists as a polar or a positive molecule when it accepts a proton
-Hydrophilic
-forms H-bonds and Ionic bonds
-Found in proteins and nucleic acids

20
Q

Properties of phosphate

A

-it is acidic (can donate a proton)
-exists as polar or negatively charged molecule
-hydrophilic
-forms H-bonds and Ionic bonds

21
Q

Properties of Sulfhydryl

A

polar or nonpolar, covalent bonds, found in proteins

22
Q

Properties of Methyl

A

nonpolar, hydrophobic, forms hydrophobic interactions, found in proteins