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Bio 2 > Cellular resp > Flashcards

Cellular resp Flashcards

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1
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP

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2
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

it consumes compounds other than O2

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3
Q

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 5 O2 (Oxygen) ——> 6CO2 +6H20 +Energy

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4
Q

Where are electrons shuttled?

A

In H atoms

The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules

When a molecule gains Hs, they are reduced

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5
Q

What is NAD+

A

they are electron carriers that function as oxidizing agents during cellular respiration

It can accept an electron

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6
Q

What is NADH

A

it is the reduced form of NAD (gains e) and represents stored energy for synthesizing ATP

It gain donate an electron

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7
Q

What do electron transport chains allow for?

A

A controlled release of energy

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8
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis

Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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9
Q

what happens during glycolysis

A

it breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

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10
Q

what happens during the cirtric acid cycle?

A

it completes the break down of glucose

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11
Q

For each molecule of glucose how many ATP are made

A

32

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12
Q

what happens during oxidative phosphorlyation

A

it accounts for most of ATP synthesis

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13
Q

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

A

it is a smaller amount of ATP formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

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14
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

in the cytoplasm

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15
Q

does glycolysis require oxygen

A

no

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16
Q

What generally occurs during glycolysis and what is produced as byproducts?

A

glucose (6C) is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate

it produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH

17
Q

What must occur to pyruvate before it enters the citric acid cycle?

A

it must be converted to Acetyl CoA through oxidation where it produces 1 NADH and 1 CO2

18
Q

what does the citric acid cycle create per cycle?

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 (this needs to be multiplied twice for glucose since glucose creates two Pyruvates)

19
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

Within the mitochondrial matrix

20
Q

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what accounts for most of the energy extracted from food?

A

NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers)

21
Q

What do NADH and FADH2 do?

A

they donate electrons to the electron transport chain and power ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation

they alternate states of reduction and oxidation as they accept and donate electrons

22
Q

Where is the electron transport chain?

A

in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion

23
Q

What is the cristae composed of?

A

mostly multiprotein complexes called cytochromes

24
Q

what happens throughout the electron transport chain

A

the electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are passed to O2 to form H20

25
Q

What is the function of the ETC?

A

to break the large free energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts

26
Q

What does the electron flow from NADH/FADH2 create?

A

a pump of energy to pump H+ across the membrane

27
Q

what happens when the H+ is pumped across the membrane

A

energy is stored in the gradient that couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis

28
Q

what is the proton-motive force

A

it is the H+ gradient

29
Q

what happens when H+ moves back through the membrane

A

it passes through a protein complex known as ATP synthase that uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive the phosphorylation of ATP

30
Q

what is chemiosmosis

A

the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

31
Q

In cellular respiration, where does the H+ initially go when the glucose is being oxidized?

A

it goes to the electron transporter NAD+

32
Q

what is the downhill path that electrons take when glucose is oxidized the the e is transfered to the oxygen to create water?

A

glucose—-> NADH—-»» Electron Transport Chain——-> Oxygen

33
Q

what powers oxidative phosphorylation? (ATP synthesis)

A

the series of redox reactions that occur down the electron transport chains

Bio 2 (16 decks)

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