Macromolecules

Question 1

What is the name of the monomer for carbohydrates?

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

Monosaccharides serve as:

Answer 2

The major fuel for cells and as raw material for building molecules

Question 3

What is a disaccharide

Answer 3

it is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides

Question 4

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 4

It is the polymer of a carbohydrate and their structures and functions are determined by their sugar monomers and glycosidic linkages

Question 5

What are some examples of monosaccharides

Answer 5

glucose, fructose

Question 6

what are some examples of disaccharides

Answer 6

lactose, maltose, and sucrose

Question 7

what are some examples of polysaccharides

Answer 7

starch, gylcogen, cellulose

Question 8

What are the bonds in the monomers of a carbohydrate

Answer 8

glycosidic linkages

Question 9

What does a fat consist of

Answer 9

a glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids

Question 10

What is the name of the bond between glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 10

ester linkage

Question 11

Whats the difference between a saturated fat and unsaturated fat

Answer 11

saturated fats are fatty acids where all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, all hydrogen atoms are maximized

unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tai. This bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton

Question 12

What are the monomers and polymers of a protein

Answer 12

amino acids and polypeptides

Question 13

What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 13

nucleotides and polynucleotides

Question 14

What are nucleotides consisted of?

Answer 14

nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 15

What are the types of bonds between the monomers in nucleic acids

Answer 15

phosphodiester linkages

Question 16

What is hydrolysis

Answer 16

the process of breaking a polymer into monomers by the addition of water

Question 17

what is dehydration synthesis

Answer 17

it is the process where two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule

Question 18

What three types of lipids are important to organisms

Answer 18

triacylglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 19

What are pyrimidines

Answer 19

a nitrogenous base; cytosine, thymine, and uracil

has a single six-membered ring

Question 20

what are purines

Answer 20

a nitrogenous base; adenine and guanine

they have a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring

Question 21

why is the structure of a protein important?

Answer 21

it determines its function and the sequence of amino acids determines that structure

Question 21

What are nucleotides

Answer 21

the monomers of polynucleotides

Question 22

what are nucleosides

Answer 22

the side of the nucleotide without the phosphate group

Question 23

what is the structure of fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Answer 23

fats: 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids

Phospholipids: 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate ground “polar head”

steroids: 4 carbon ring

Question 24

how do phospholipids form a bilayer and why is this important?

Answer 24

Phospholipids form a bilayer when added to water when the nonpolar tails of the chains point towards each other

they are a major component of cell membranes

Question 25

What are two storage polysaccharides?

Answer 25

starch and glycogen, they store glucose for energy

Question 26

what are two structural polysaccharides?

Answer 26

cellulose and chitin