Transition Metals A2

Question 1

What is a transition metal

Answer 1

A metal which forms a stable metal ion with a partially filled d-orbital

Question 2

What is the electron configuration for copper

Answer 2

[Ar] 3d10 4s1

Question 3

What is the electron configuration for chromium

Answer 3

[Ar] 3d5 4s1

Question 4

What d-block elements are not transition metals

Answer 4

Zinc and scandium as they don’t form metal ions with partially filled d-orbital

Question 5

What are the properties of transition metals

Answer 5

Colour, catalysts, complex formation, variable oxidation states

Question 6

What is a ligand

Answer 6

A molecule with a lone pair of electron available to be donated to a transition metal ion by dative bonds

Question 7

What kinds of ligands are there

Answer 7

Monodentate, bidentate and multidentate; these say how many lone pairs they have available for a complex ion

Question 8

Give an example of a monodentate ligand

Answer 8

H2O and Cl-

Question 9

Give an example of a bidentate ligand

Answer 9

Ethanedioate

Question 10

Give an example of a multidentate ligand

Answer 10

EDTA(4-)

Question 11

What is a complex

Answer 11

A metal ion datively bonded to ligands

Question 12

What is a chelate

Answer 12

A compound bonded to a ligand at two our more points

Question 13

Where is Haem found

Answer 13

In our blood, which is used to transport blood in our body as O2 acts as a ligand to the Haem complex

Question 14

Why is CN and CO dangerous to our body

Answer 14

They displace O2 from Haem in our blood, reducing the amount of respiration and causing harm

Question 15

Why do transition ions appear to have a colour

Answer 15

The d-orbitals split to have 2/3 orbitals at a higher energy than the rest. When light passes through it, electrons absorb certain frequencies of light and they are excited. The colours transmitted is the colour we see

Question 16

What affects the colour of the ion

Answer 16

Changes in oxidation state, co-ordination number and

ligand

Question 17

What are the different types of catalysts

Answer 17

Heterogeneous and homogeneous

Question 18

Describe heterogeneous catalysts

Answer 18

The catalyst is in a different phase to the reactants, so they don’t need to be separated after the reaction

Question 19

How can heterogeneous catalysts be made more efficient

Answer 19

Increase surface area, spread the catalyst over an inert support medium (high area:mass ratio)

Question 20

What causes catalysts not to last forever

Answer 20

The catalyst can be poisoned, meaning unwanted impurities may be left on the catalyst. This could be due to low desorption and high adsorption

Question 21

What is the catalyst used in the haber process and how is it used

Answer 21

Iron catalyst in pea-sized lumps

Question 22

What is the contact process

Answer 22

Used to make sulfuric acid, using vanadium oxide as a catalyst

Question 23

How is vanadium oxide a catalyst in contact process

Answer 23

The catalyst is regenerated after the second reaction

Question 24

What is the equation for the contact process

Answer 24

2SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3

Question 25

Describe homogeneous catalysts

Answer 25

Catalysts in the same phase as the reactants, such as chlorine radicals with the ozone layer