Transition Metals A2 Flashcards
What is a transition metal
A metal which forms a stable metal ion with a partially filled d-orbital
What is the electron configuration for copper
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
What is the electron configuration for chromium
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
What d-block elements are not transition metals
Zinc and scandium as they don’t form metal ions with partially filled d-orbital
What are the properties of transition metals
Colour, catalysts, complex formation, variable oxidation states
What is a ligand
A molecule with a lone pair of electron available to be donated to a transition metal ion by dative bonds
What kinds of ligands are there
Monodentate, bidentate and multidentate; these say how many lone pairs they have available for a complex ion
Give an example of a monodentate ligand
H2O and Cl-
Give an example of a bidentate ligand
Ethanedioate
Give an example of a multidentate ligand
EDTA(4-)
What is a complex
A metal ion datively bonded to ligands
What is a chelate
A compound bonded to a ligand at two our more points
Where is Haem found
In our blood, which is used to transport blood in our body as O2 acts as a ligand to the Haem complex
Why is CN and CO dangerous to our body
They displace O2 from Haem in our blood, reducing the amount of respiration and causing harm
Why do transition ions appear to have a colour
The d-orbitals split to have 2/3 orbitals at a higher energy than the rest. When light passes through it, electrons absorb certain frequencies of light and they are excited. The colours transmitted is the colour we see
What affects the colour of the ion
Changes in oxidation state, co-ordination number and
ligand
What are the different types of catalysts
Heterogeneous and homogeneous
Describe heterogeneous catalysts
The catalyst is in a different phase to the reactants, so they don’t need to be separated after the reaction
How can heterogeneous catalysts be made more efficient
Increase surface area, spread the catalyst over an inert support medium (high area:mass ratio)
What causes catalysts not to last forever
The catalyst can be poisoned, meaning unwanted impurities may be left on the catalyst. This could be due to low desorption and high adsorption
What is the catalyst used in the haber process and how is it used
Iron catalyst in pea-sized lumps
What is the contact process
Used to make sulfuric acid, using vanadium oxide as a catalyst
How is vanadium oxide a catalyst in contact process
The catalyst is regenerated after the second reaction
What is the equation for the contact process
2SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3
Describe homogeneous catalysts
Catalysts in the same phase as the reactants, such as chlorine radicals with the ozone layer
