Amines A2 Flashcards
What is the shape of ammonia
4 electron pairs, 1 lone pair
What is important about amines
They have a lone pair
Can amines act as bases
Yes, they can react with acids to form salts
What is the inductive effect
Alkyl groups release electrons away from the group and towards the nitrogen group
How to compare base strengths
See how many alkyl groups are around the nitrogen atom. Benzene groups always becomes the weakest base
What is the ranking for amine base strength
Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Ammonia > Arene
How do amines react with haloalkanes
Nucleophilic substitution causes the amine to gain one more alkyl group on the nitrogen. A tertiary forms a quartenary ammonium salt
How can amines be produced
Reduction of nitriles
How does reduction of nitriles work
React a cyanide ion with a haloalkane to form a nitrile. React this with a nickel/hydrogen catalyst to form a primary amine
How to form phenylamine
React benzene with HNO3 with H2SO4 as catalyst to form a nitrobenzene. React this with tin/HCl to form phenylbenzene
How to form amides
React acid chlorides with an amine to form amides
What is the functional group for an amide
NC=O
What are amines used for
Nylon, dyes, hair conditioners
