Haloalkanes Flashcards
How are haloalkanes produced
Free radical substitution of halogens with alkanes
Why do haloalkanes contain polar bonds
Large difference in electronegativity between halogen and carbon
Examples of nucleophiles
OH-, CN- and NH3
Why does the carbon-halogen bond enthalpy influence the rate of reaction
Lower bond enthalpy than carbon-hydrogen bond, so these bonds broken first
What is different in elimination than nucleophilic substitution
Reagent is ethanol as the solvent, this acts as a base, higher temperature for elimination
What is the purpose of the ozone
Absorbs U.V. radiation
What were CFCs used for
Solvents and refrigerants
What do chlorine atoms do in the ozone
It catalyses the decomposition of the ozone
How can you show that chlorine acts as a catalyst
Amount of chlorine radicals used is the same as the number of chlorine radicals produced
What is the role of the reagent in nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophile
What is the role of the reagent in elimination
Base
What are the main intermolecular forces in haloalkanes
Dipole-dipole forces and Van der Waals
What is the trend for boiling points and its explanation for haloalkanes
Fluorine is the smallest halogen so has the fewest electrons, so has the lowest boiling point
Which explanation is the more important factor for the most reactive haloalkane
Van der Waals
What is a nucleophile
A negatively charged ion or with a negatively charged polarity. Must have a lone pair of electrons.
