Transfusions and Blood Groups Study Guide Flashcards
How is blood volume replenished?
Blood volume can be restored with normal saline or a multiple electrolyte solution (“Ringer’s Solution”) that mimics blood plasma (this doesn’t increase o2 carrying capacity)
* blood volume is also made up w release of epo
How is a blood group defined?
Based on the presence or absence of type A and B antigens
How is Oxygen carrying capacity improved?
transfusion of erythrocytes will restore O2 carrying capacity (units of packed erythrocytes are infused)
4 blood human groups
A, B, AB, O
ABO blood groups will contain plasma antibodies for the antigens that are NOT present - type b blood contains ______ antibodies
anti-a
The least common blood type in North America is Type AB Blood - has ______ antigens, has _______-antibodies
both a and b antigens
neither anti a or anti b antigens
The most common blood type in North America is Type O Blood - has _______ antigens, has _________antibodies
neither a or b antigens
both anti a and anti b antigens
What happens when inappropriately matched blood is transfused?
Surface antigens located on the donor’s erythrocytes will trigger an immune response by the recipient’s plasma antibodies. Agglutination occurs: the clumping together and destruction of inappropriately transfused erythrocytes (this is why antigens on erythrocytes can be referred to as agglutinogens)
How does +/- status impact blood compatibility?
Positive can receive negative but negative cannot receive positive
What makes blood positive or negative?
Rh factor D presence = positive
Rh factor D absence = negative
erythroblastosis fetalis
A blood disorder that occurs in pregnancy when mom and child have different blood types. Babies will often die because their blood cells’ antibodies attack their blood cells causing them to rupture
