Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 208 > Male Reproductive System Study Guide > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

gonad

A

primary sex organs
Male – testes, female – ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gametes

A

sex or reproductive cells made in the gonads
Males – sperm, females – ova/egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sex hormones

A

Males – androgens, females – estrogens and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

path of sperm from seminiferous tubule to external body surface

A

Seminiferous tubule → Epididymis → vas/ductus deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two muscles of the scrotum

A
  • Dartos – smooth muscle, wrinkles scrotal skin, pulls scrotum close to the body
  • Cremaster – skeletal muscle, bands of muscle that elevates the testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

purpose of the testes being outside the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Maintains a temperature of about 3 degrees celsius cooler than body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two tunics of the testes

A

Tunica vaginalis – outer layer, derived from peritoneum
Tunica albuginea – inner layer, forms fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sustentocyte

A

Support cells where spermatogenic cells are embedded (all within epithelium surrounding lumen of seminiferous tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is made by the interstitial endocrine cells in the testes?

A

androgens, such as testosterone, and secrete them into the interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functional importance of the pampiniform venous plexuses

A
  • Testicular veins arise from the pampiniform venous plexuses surrounding each testicular artery
  • Cooler blood in the venous plexus absorbs heat from the testicular arteries and keeps the testes cool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is carried in the spermatic cord?

A

autonomic nerve fibers, blood vessels, vas deferens, and lymphatic vessels that supply the testes (travels through inguinal canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 parts of the penis

A

Roots, shaft, glans penis (including prepuce, foreskin – cuff of loose skin covering the glans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Circumcision

A

surgical removal of the foreskin (60% of males in the US)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cylindrical body that makes up the glans penis

A

Corpus spongiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what fills the vascular spaces in erectile tissue during an erection

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of the epididymis

A

Site of sperm maturation
- During ejaculation, the epididymis contracts and expels sperm into the ductus/vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long do sperm cells typically remain in the epididymis

A

Nonmotile , immature sperm enter the epididymis and pass slowly though it over ~20 days. Sperm can be stored for several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The vas deferens merges with a duct from what gland to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Joins the duct of the seminal vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vasectomy

A

Vasectomy – cutting and ligating the vas deferens.
Prevents sperm from leaving the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

three portions of the male urethra from proximal to distal

A
  • Prostatic: surrounded by the prostate gland
  • intermediate/membranous – in the urogenital diaphragm
  • Spongy – rungs through the penis, opens at external urethral orifice
21
Q

What is contained in the secretions made in the seminal vesicles/glands

A

viscous , alkaline seminal fluid – accounts for 70% of the volume of semen
Contains fructose, citric acid, coagulating enzyme (vesiculase) and prostaglandins

22
Q

What is contained in the secretions made in the prostate glands

A

Milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
- Prostatic fluid plays a role in sperm activation and makes up ⅓ of the volume of semen

23
Q

BPH

A

Benign growth of the prostate that constricts the urethra and makes urination difficult
- Incomplete bladder emptying can lead to frequent UTIs and kidney damage

24
Q

TURP

A

surgical procedure to widen the prostatic urethra

25
functional importance of the secretions from the bulbourethral glands
- Thick clear mucus produced during sexual arousal - Mucus lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes any traces of acidic urine in the urethra
26
of sperm cells in a typical ejaculation
20-150 million sperm/mL. Usually 2-5mL of semen is ejaculated
27
Prostaglandins
decrease viscosity of mucus in the cervix and stimulate reverse peristalsis in the female uterus
28
Relaxin
enhance sperm motility and suppress female immune response
29
clotting factors and fibrinolysin
Clotting factors coagulate semen initially and then fibrinolysin to liquify it
30
branch of the ANS is responsible for the formation of an erection
parasympathetic nervous system
31
branch of the ANS is responsible for ejaculation
sympathetic nervous system
32
Haploid
cell with 23 chromosomes
33
Diploid
cell with 46 chromosomes
34
Homologous chromosomes
each pair of chromosomes (most human body cells have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs - Gametes only have 23 chromosomes
35
Mitosis
involves 1 replication event and 1 division event – it produces 2 identical daughter cells
36
Meiosis
involves 1 replication event and 2 division events - it cuts the number of chromosomes in half and produces 4 genetically diverse daughter cells
37
3 steps of spermatogenesis
1. Mitosis of spermatogonia (stem cell) 2. Meiosis 3. Spermiogenesis
38
1. Mitosis of spermatogonia (stem cell)
forms 1 stem cells and 1 primary spermatocyte
39
2. Meiosis
primary spermatocytes from secondary spermatocyte, which becomes spermatids
40
3. Spermiogenesis
spermatids become spermatozoa (immature sperm)
41
spermatogonia
Stem cells in contact with epithelial basal lamina
42
net result of mitosis of spermatogonia
Each mitotic division yields 1 type A daughter and 1 type B daughter cell - Type a daughter cell maintain the germ/stem cell line - Type b daughter cells move toward the lumen and develop into primary spermatocytes
43
Meiosis I
primary spermatocyte (2n) undergoes meiosis I forming 2 secondary spermatocytes (n)
44
Meiosis II
each secondary spermatocyte rapidly undergoes meiosis II to become two spermatids
45
Spermatid
small, nonmotile, found close to the tubules lumen
46
What happens during spermiogenesis?
Spermatids to immature sperm - Spermatids have the correct haploid chromosome number for fertilization, but they are nonmotile - Spermiogenesis - streamlining process where each spermatid elongates, loses excess cytoplasm, and forms a tail - becomes a spermatozoa (sperm)
47
sequence of hormones triggering the secretion of testosterone and spermatogenesis
1. Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 2. GnRH binds to anterior pituitary gonadotropic cells causing them to secrete Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) 3. FSH indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis by stimulating sustentocytes to release androgen-binding protein (ABP) ABP promotes spermatogenesis by keeping the concentration of testosterone high near the spermatogenic cells 4. LH binds to interstitial endocrine cells to secrete testosterone 5. Testosterone entering the blood triggers sex organ maturation, development of secondary sex characteristics, and development of libido 6. Rising testosterone levels feedback to hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH and to the pituitary to inhibit release of gonadotropins 7. Inhibin – hormone released by sustentocytes when sperm count is high - inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH
48
systemic effects of testosterone
Secondary male sex characteristics - Appearance of pubic, axillary, chest, and facial hair - Deepening of the voice - Thickening of skin + increased oil production - Bone growth + increased bone density - Increase in skeletal muscle size and mass - Increase in basal metabolic rate Testosterone is the basis of libido in males Testosterone has effects on the embryonic brain and continues it effects well into adulthood
49
Where else are androgens produced?
produced by the adrenal glands, but that is insufficient to maintain normal testosterone –mediated functions

Anatomy & Physiology 208 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions