Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
What are the 4 main components of blood?
RBC
Platelets
Plasma
Cyroprecipitate
What is in the RBC transfusion bag after centifruge?
RBC packed at the bottom. Optimal added solution (OAS) added which contains components that benefit the RBC and allow them to live fro 28-30 days
When are RBC transfusions used?
Anaemic (symptomatic or hit threshold)
Major blood loss/bleeding
What is restrictive threshold?
Don’t always believe you have to hit a specific count. If the patient can tolerate lower Hb stick to this
What is in the platelet bag?
Platelets and platelet additive solution
What is FFP?
Fresh frozen plasma
What is FFP indicated?
Deficiency for coagulation/clotting.
Bleeding
What is aferesis platelets?
Donor uses a machine that only takes platelets = more platelets can be taken at one time
When are platelets transfused?
When low platelet count and bleeding
Special considerations for FFP?
Needs to be thawed
Volume considerations - therapeutic dose is 1l which is a-lot to take if patient doesn’t react well
Whats in cryoprecipitate bag?
Concentrated fibrinogen
When is cryoprecipitate indicated?
Clotting deficiency or major haemorrhage
Special considerations for cryoprecipitate?
Needs to be thawed
Should be given early in major haemorrhage
Why should cryoprecipitate be given earlier in major haemorrhage?
Fibrinogen is one of the last parts of the clotting cascade - if you don’t have this you cant form a clot no matter how much of the other stuff you have
What is traceability?
Legal obligation to be able to trace blood from donor to recipient
How to ensure right blood, right patient?
Postive patient identification
Bedside label of samples - done at bedside
2 sample rule - need 2 blood samples to ensure it was the right blood group
Final bedside check
Consent
Which is most likely in blood transfusion?
Infection
Human error
Reaction
Human error
List 4 immunological risks of blood transfusion?
Febrile event (fever)
Allergy
Alloimmunisation - antibodies against RBC given
TRALI = less frequent
Name a circulatory risk of blood transfusion?
Transfusion - associated circulatory overload
List 4 types of infection that can occur after blood transfusion?
Bacterial
Virus (from donor)
vCJD
The unknown
When is alloimmunisation a problem?
In women of child-bearing age - if the antibodies produced pass through placenta into uterus and the baby carries this blood type then the antibodies will attack it
What kinds of haematological patient are relevant to dentistry?
Bleeding disorder
Chemotherapy - cytopenia (low blood count)
What impact does blood transfusion in thrombocytopenia patients before dental extraction have impact on bleeding?
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) No impact
c - no impact
What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count
