Oral problems in the immunocompromised Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 factors suggest an immunodeficiency?

A
Frequent infections
Recurrent/chronic
Unusual organisms
Poor response to treatment
Growth retardation (in children)
Family history
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2
Q

Immunocompromised parents are more susceptible to ……. infections?

A

Opportunistic

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3
Q

Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to opportunistic infections, give an example of each type of infection they could get

a) bacterial
b) viral
c) parasitic
d) fungal

A

a) tuberculosis
b) influenza (covid-19)
c) pneumocystis carinii
d) candida

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4
Q

How can oral candidiasis present?

A

irritated, red patches of the palate

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5
Q

How do lesions caused by human papilloma virus present?

A

Exophytic (grow outward from epithelium), papillary oral mucosal lesions

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6
Q

What are the consequences of human papilloma virus?

A

Increased risk of oral/oro-pharyngeal cancer

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7
Q

What is the name for a benign growth on the palate?

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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8
Q

How is squamous cell papilloma treated?

A

Simple surgical incision

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9
Q

What is the general cause of oral ulcers?

A

Secondary to immunomodulation due to immunosuppression

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10
Q

List 6 conditions that can cause oral ulcers

A
Herpes Simplex
Human papilloma virus
Cytomegalovirus
Aphthous ulcers
Lymphoma 
Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis 
Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis 
necrotising stomatitis
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11
Q

how long do minor aphthous ulcers tend to last?

A

7-10 days

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12
Q

How do major aphthous ulcers differ to minor?

A

Bigger, last more, cause scarring

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13
Q

What is one cause of gingivitis linking to immunosuppression?

A

HIV

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14
Q

What is Karposi’s sarcoma associated with?

A

HH8

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15
Q

How does Karposi’s sarcoma present?

A

Oral lesions appear reddish purple, raised or flat. variable in size

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16
Q

How is Karposi’s sarcoma diagnosed?

A

biopsy

17
Q

Where can karposi’s sarcoma lesions appear?

A

Skin round the mouth (including nose)
Palate
Sulcus

18
Q

If a patient presents with swelling on right side of face what could be possible diagnosis?

What feature could it be affecting, what could be causing the swelling?

A

First check if there is any history
Could be traumatic, infective or neoplastic

Could be skin cyst, parotid gland, lymph nodes

19
Q

What oral manifestation is linked to EBV?

A

Hairy leukoplakia

20
Q

Other than EBV what can hard leukoplakia be associated with?

A

Steroid inhaler

21
Q

How is hairy leukoplakia diagnosed?

A

Biopsy

22
Q

What should you do if you suspect a patient is immunocompromised?

A

Contact specialist