Oral problems in the immunocompromised Flashcards
What 6 factors suggest an immunodeficiency?
Frequent infections Recurrent/chronic Unusual organisms Poor response to treatment Growth retardation (in children) Family history
Immunocompromised parents are more susceptible to ……. infections?
Opportunistic
Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to opportunistic infections, give an example of each type of infection they could get
a) bacterial
b) viral
c) parasitic
d) fungal
a) tuberculosis
b) influenza (covid-19)
c) pneumocystis carinii
d) candida
How can oral candidiasis present?
irritated, red patches of the palate
How do lesions caused by human papilloma virus present?
Exophytic (grow outward from epithelium), papillary oral mucosal lesions
What are the consequences of human papilloma virus?
Increased risk of oral/oro-pharyngeal cancer
What is the name for a benign growth on the palate?
Squamous cell papilloma
How is squamous cell papilloma treated?
Simple surgical incision
What is the general cause of oral ulcers?
Secondary to immunomodulation due to immunosuppression
List 6 conditions that can cause oral ulcers
Herpes Simplex Human papilloma virus Cytomegalovirus Aphthous ulcers Lymphoma Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis necrotising stomatitis
how long do minor aphthous ulcers tend to last?
7-10 days
How do major aphthous ulcers differ to minor?
Bigger, last more, cause scarring
What is one cause of gingivitis linking to immunosuppression?
HIV
What is Karposi’s sarcoma associated with?
HH8
How does Karposi’s sarcoma present?
Oral lesions appear reddish purple, raised or flat. variable in size
How is Karposi’s sarcoma diagnosed?
biopsy
Where can karposi’s sarcoma lesions appear?
Skin round the mouth (including nose)
Palate
Sulcus
If a patient presents with swelling on right side of face what could be possible diagnosis?
What feature could it be affecting, what could be causing the swelling?
First check if there is any history
Could be traumatic, infective or neoplastic
Could be skin cyst, parotid gland, lymph nodes
What oral manifestation is linked to EBV?
Hairy leukoplakia
Other than EBV what can hard leukoplakia be associated with?
Steroid inhaler
How is hairy leukoplakia diagnosed?
Biopsy
What should you do if you suspect a patient is immunocompromised?
Contact specialist
