Cardiac pathology

Question 1

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood to the body?

Answer 1

Left

Question 2

What artery carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

Answer 2

Aorta

Question 3

What veins supply the right side of the heart with deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body?

Answer 3

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 4

What vessel takes blood to be oxygenated blood to the lungs/

Answer 4

Pulmonary artery

Question 5

What vessel returns blood from the lung to the heart?

Answer 5

Pulmonary veins

Question 6

What valve separates left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 6

Mitral valve

Question 7

What valve separates left ventricle and aorta?

Answer 7

Aortic valve

Question 8

What valve separates right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 8

Tricuspid valve

Question 9

What valve separates right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

Answer 9

Pulmonary valve

Question 10

Aortic stenosis is a type of what kind of heart disease?

Answer 10

Calcific valve disease

Question 11

What is bicuspid vale disease?

Answer 11

Normal tricuspid valve is only bicuspid

Question 12

What is rheumatic fever?

Answer 12

Condition which can occur 2-3 weeks after a streptococcal URTI

Question 13

What are the consequences of rheumatic fever?

Answer 13

Inflammtion at multiple sites

• Heart - causes rheumatic heart disease - vegetations on heart valves - calcification, endocarditic
• Arteries - arteritis
• Joints
• Skin

Question 14

What causes rheumatic fever?

Answer 14

Autoimmune condition, no bacteria

Antibodies to streptococcus that cross-react to cardiac antigens

Question 15

What is infective endocarditis endocarditis?

Answer 15

Acute or chronic disease resulting from infection of a focal area of the endocardium

Question 16

Where can infective endocarditis occur?

Answer 16

Heart valve, mural endocardium, where there is a congenital defect in the heart

Question 17

What predisposes you to infective endocardiits?

Answer 17

Heart valve disease 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - enlarges heart
Previous endocarditis
Congenital heart disease
Valve replacement

Question 18

What are the sources of microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis?

Answer 18

Normal flora that have entered the bloodstream

• intravenous drug users
• from oropharynx
• scaling, extraction

Question 19

Describe pathogenesis of infective endocarditis

Answer 19

Focal area of abnormal endocardium (valves)

Platelet deposition forms a vegetation, bacteria infect this

Question 20

Local effects fo infective endocarditis?

Answer 20

Valve incompetence (leak)
Perforation of valve
Rupture of cordae teninaea
Myocarditis 
Embolism of coronary vessel

Question 21

Systemic effects of infective endocarditis?

Answer 21

Fever, weight loss

Embolism

Question 22

How is infective endocarditis be treated?

Answer 22

Antibiotics, surgical removal of valve

Question 23

How is infective endocarditis diagnosed?

Answer 23

Bloods,ECG. echocardiogram

Question 24

How does infective endocarditis relate to dental treatment?

Answer 24

Antibiotics are not given routinely

Dental surveillance and optimal oral hygiene encouraged in patients with heart valve disease