Cardiac pathology Flashcards
Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood to the body?
Left
What artery carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
Aorta
What veins supply the right side of the heart with deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body?
Superior and inferior vena cava
What vessel takes blood to be oxygenated blood to the lungs/
Pulmonary artery
What vessel returns blood from the lung to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What valve separates left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What valve separates left ventricle and aorta?
Aortic valve
What valve separates right atrium and ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What valve separates right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
Pulmonary valve
Aortic stenosis is a type of what kind of heart disease?
Calcific valve disease
What is bicuspid vale disease?
Normal tricuspid valve is only bicuspid
What is rheumatic fever?
Condition which can occur 2-3 weeks after a streptococcal URTI
What are the consequences of rheumatic fever?
Inflammtion at multiple sites
- Heart - causes rheumatic heart disease - vegetations on heart valves - calcification, endocarditic
- Arteries - arteritis
- Joints
- Skin
What causes rheumatic fever?
Autoimmune condition, no bacteria
Antibodies to streptococcus that cross-react to cardiac antigens
What is infective endocarditis endocarditis?
Acute or chronic disease resulting from infection of a focal area of the endocardium
Where can infective endocarditis occur?
Heart valve, mural endocardium, where there is a congenital defect in the heart
What predisposes you to infective endocardiits?
Heart valve disease Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - enlarges heart Previous endocarditis Congenital heart disease Valve replacement
What are the sources of microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis?
Normal flora that have entered the bloodstream
- intravenous drug users
- from oropharynx
- scaling, extraction
Describe pathogenesis of infective endocarditis
Focal area of abnormal endocardium (valves)
Platelet deposition forms a vegetation, bacteria infect this
Local effects fo infective endocarditis?
Valve incompetence (leak) Perforation of valve Rupture of cordae teninaea Myocarditis Embolism of coronary vessel
Systemic effects of infective endocarditis?
Fever, weight loss
Embolism
How is infective endocarditis be treated?
Antibiotics, surgical removal of valve
How is infective endocarditis diagnosed?
Bloods,ECG. echocardiogram
How does infective endocarditis relate to dental treatment?
Antibiotics are not given routinely
Dental surveillance and optimal oral hygiene encouraged in patients with heart valve disease
